A novel 2-indano[2,3b]-2-ferrocenyl- and 2-indano[2,3b]-2-(p-methoxy-phenyl)[1,5]benzo-2,5-dihydrothiazepine 5a,b (addition Michael/cyclization) (~30.32%), indano[2,3b]-2-ferrocenyl- and 2-(p-methoxyphenyl)[1,4] benzo...A novel 2-indano[2,3b]-2-ferrocenyl- and 2-indano[2,3b]-2-(p-methoxy-phenyl)[1,5]benzo-2,5-dihydrothiazepine 5a,b (addition Michael/cyclization) (~30.32%), indano[2,3b]-2-ferrocenyl- and 2-(p-methoxyphenyl)[1,4] benzothiazine 4a,b (addition “anti-Michael”/cyclization) (~45.43%), respectively, were obtained by the condensation of 2-ferrocenyl-and 2-(p-methoxy-phenyl)methyliden-1,3-indandiones 1a,b with o-aminothiophenol 2 in the presence of AcOH and HCl. A new “anti-Michael” addition reaction of 1,4-bis-heteronucleophile 2 into 2-arylmethyliden-1,3-indandiones was reported. As a result of this reaction the product 1a,b was obtained. The structures of the resultant compounds were elucidated by IR, 1H and 13C NMR spectroscopy, mass spectrometry, elemental and X-ray diffraction analysis. The in vitro antitumor activity of the obtained products was researched using the following human cancer cell lines: glioblastoma (CNS U-251), prostatic adenocarcinoma (PC-3), chronic myelogenous leukemia (K562), colorectal adenocarcinoma (HCT-15), mammary adenocarcinoma (MCF-7), and small cell lung cancer (SKLU) and the sulforhodamine B (SRB) method. Among these new compounds some thiazine and thiazepine derivatives showed compelling in vitro antitumor effects on cell lines K-562, HCT-15, SKLU-1 and MCF-7.展开更多
Foodborne Illnesses (FI) are considered an important problem in public health for their high levels of morbidity and, in some cases, of mortality in Mexico and around the world. Different agents that cause Foodborne I...Foodborne Illnesses (FI) are considered an important problem in public health for their high levels of morbidity and, in some cases, of mortality in Mexico and around the world. Different agents that cause Foodborne Illnesses, in which biological agents such as the genus Salmonella spp., are included, have been often associated with outbreaks. A continued effort has been observed in the food industry, in collaboration with sanitary authorities on a global scale, through the creation and continued improvement of different procedures to prevent the contamination by Salmonella, in which the elaboration of laboratory methodologies for the detection and isolation of this pathogen in foods and, in such manner, prevents the outbreak of illnesses. However, along with the aforementioned, it has been reported that a few years ago, the appearance of an ever-increasing number of strains of Salmonella spp., in foods with multi-drug resistance to antibiotics which are used in the treatment of its illness, results in a major emphasis on the health issue related to Foodborne Illnesses and, in particular, to those generated by factors of medical dependence such as the increase in recuperation time, costs, and reduction in the number of alternative pharmaceutical treatments. This work presents a general overview of FI, in which illnesses generated by bacteria of the genus Salmonella spp., their detection in a microbiological laboratory, as well as the phenomenon of resistance to antibiotics by these bacteria, and the current and difficult issue reported through different investigations all around the world, of the rise in this phenomenon and its importance in public health, are discussed.展开更多
Tumor cell proliferation, infiltration, migration, and neovascularization are known causes of treatment resistance in glioblastoma multiforme(GBM). The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of radiation on...Tumor cell proliferation, infiltration, migration, and neovascularization are known causes of treatment resistance in glioblastoma multiforme(GBM). The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of radiation on the growth characteristics of primary human GBM developed in a nude rat. Primary GBM cells grown from explanted GBM tissues were implanted orthotopically in nude rats. Tumor growth was confirmed by magnetic resonance imaging on day 77(baseline) after implantation. The rats underwent irradiation to a dose of 50 Gy delivered subcuratively on day 84 postimplantation(n = 8), or underwent no radiation(n = 8). Brain tissues were obtained on day 112(nonirradiated) or day 133(irradiated). Immunohistochemistry was performed to determine tumor cell proliferation(Ki-67) and to assess the expression of infiltration marker(matrix metalloproteinase-2, MMP-2) and cell migration marker(CD44). Tumor neovascularization was assessed by microvessel density using von-Willebrand factor(vWF) staining. Magnetic resonance imaging showed well-developed, infiltrative tumors in 11 weeks postimplantation. The proportion of Ki-67-positive cells in tumors undergoing radiation was(71 ± 15)% compared with(25 ± 12)% in the nonirradiated group(P = 0.02). The number of MMP-2-positive areas and proportion of CD44-positive cells were also high in tumors receiving radiation, indicating great invasion and infiltration. Microvessel density analysis did not show a significant difference between nonirradiated and irradiated tumors. Taken together, we found that subcurative radiation significantly increased proliferation, invasion, and migration of primary GBM. Our study provides insights into possible mechanisms of treatment resistance following radiation therapy for GBM.展开更多
The influence of KOH concentration (8 and 12 M) and curing conditions as temperature (40℃ and 60℃), time (7 and 28 days) and relative humidity (85% and 95% RH), on compressive strength of metakaolin-based geopolymer...The influence of KOH concentration (8 and 12 M) and curing conditions as temperature (40℃ and 60℃), time (7 and 28 days) and relative humidity (85% and 95% RH), on compressive strength of metakaolin-based geopolymers (MK-based GP) was evaluated. Derived from the experimental design technique, and using a factorial design 2<sup>K</sup> with two replications in the center point, eighteen experiments were conducted. The results reveal that the best performance conditions of geopolymerization to develop a higher compressive strength of 20 MPa are 12 M KOH to 60℃ and 85% RH at 28 curing days. With these conditions, the value of relative humidity of 85%, promotes high strength compact samples, and a maximum of 42 MPa at 90 days. The results of significant, compressive design of GP showed that KOH concentration and curing relative humidity were the most important factors, followed by curing time and temperature. The GP were characterized by XRD, and their evolution on compression strength was followed by SEM.展开更多
The aim of this study is to describe the sedimentary evolution occurred during the last 200-years in the middle Capibaribe Estuary by mean of the sedimentary analysis (magnetic susceptibility, grain size, calcium carb...The aim of this study is to describe the sedimentary evolution occurred during the last 200-years in the middle Capibaribe Estuary by mean of the sedimentary analysis (magnetic susceptibility, grain size, calcium carbonate, total organic matter—TOM) and geochemical parameters (sedimentation rates, heavy metal concentrations, enrichment and contamination factor) along a core. The core recorded four units and the measured sedimentation rate was 0.52 cm cm·y﹣1. The first unit, dating before 1812, showed environmental characteristics of mangrove with predominance of fine sediments, high total organic matter percentages and heavy metal concentrations probably from natural sources. The second unit, from 1812 to 1937, showed a slight increase in sand percentages and decrease in fine fraction, TOM contents and heavy metals concentrations. These characteristics may be associated with the urban expansion processes and the presence of monoculture of sugar cane occurred in the middle Capibaribe Estuary. The third unit, from 1937 to 2004, showed the highest sand percentages of the core, characterizing a unit exclusively of sand with low fine fractions percentages, total organic matter contents and heavy metals concentrations. This unit represented the intensification of the urban processes expansion of Recife City. The fourth unit showed increases in fine fraction sedimentation, TOM contents and heavy metals concentrations. This new change in sedimentation probably is consequence of rebirth of marginal estuarine banks by mangrove vegetation, due to environmental projects carried out by Recife Prefecture in the early 2000’s. It was not possible to register the anthropic contamination to middle estuary area probably due to the Barreiras Formation influences in the metal concentration records, masking the anthropic contamination inputs in estuarine region. Although, lead and arsenic showing an enrichment level indicating anthropic contamination.展开更多
Provisional prosthetic restoration materials are exposed to oral cavity producing on the surface biofilm where different factors such as surface roughness and porosity can condition their formation and organization an...Provisional prosthetic restoration materials are exposed to oral cavity producing on the surface biofilm where different factors such as surface roughness and porosity can condition their formation and organization and can create stagnation areas that promote the bonding of organic particles, thus facilitating the formation and maturation of the biofilm. The purpose of this study was to compare surface roughness of two provisional prosthetic restorations materials and their bacterial susceptibility. In this study, two provisional restoration materials were used in two groups, A polymethyl methacrylate acrylic (NicTone MDC DENTAL) and B bis-acryl resin (Protemp 4 ESPE 3M). A total of 80 samples (40 samples of each material) were in thick plates of 10 × 10 mm and 2 mm high. 20 samples of each material were polished, while 20 were left unpolished. Subsequently, the samples were observed by Atomic Force Microscopy for their evaluation of surface roughness. The values were analyzed with t-test, Mann-Whitney U test and Kruskal Wallis test. The samples were microbiologically inoculated with the strains obtained and identified from a provisional polymethyl methacrylate acrylic restoration in a patient, in order to observe bacterial adhesion using a Scanning Electron Microscope. Two strains, Enterococcus faecalis and Pseudomona luteola, were identified. The presence of the microorganisms was observed on the surface of both materials, either polished or unpolished, with a lower level of microorganism adhesion found on the bis-acrylic resin. There was a significant difference about surface roughness in the groups A and B with p -8). We found that the polished bis-acrylic resin showed lower surface roughness and bacterial adhesion in comparison with the polymethyl methacrylate.展开更多
The prevailing cosmological constant and cold dark matter (ΛCDM) cosmic concordance model accounts for the radial expansion of the universe after the Big Bang. The model appears to be authoritative because it is base...The prevailing cosmological constant and cold dark matter (ΛCDM) cosmic concordance model accounts for the radial expansion of the universe after the Big Bang. The model appears to be authoritative because it is based on the Einstein gravitational field equation. However, a thorough scrutiny of the underlying theory calls into question the suitability of the field equation, which states that the Einstein tensor <strong><em>G</em></strong><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><sub><em><span style="white-space:nowrap;">μv</span></em></sub></span> is a constant multiple of the stress-energy tensor <em> <strong>T</strong></em><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><sub><em><span style="white-space:nowrap;">μv</span></em></sub> </span>when they both are evaluated at the same 4D space-time point: <strong style="white-space:normal;"><em>G</em></strong><sub><em><span style="white-space:nowrap;">μv</span> </em></sub>= 8<span style="white-space:nowrap;">π</span>k<strong style="white-space:normal;"><em>T</em></strong><sub><em><span style="white-space:nowrap;">μv</span></em></sub>, where k is the gravitational constant. Notwithstanding its venerable provenance, this equation is incorrect unless the cosmic pressure is <em>p</em> = 0;but then all that remains of the Einstein equation is the Poisson equation which models the Newtonian gravity field. This shortcoming is not resolved by adding the cosmological constant term to the field equation, <strong style="white-space:normal;"><em>G</em></strong><sub><em><span style="white-space:nowrap;">μv</span> </em></sub>+<span style="white-space:nowrap;">Λ</span> <strong style="white-space:normal;"><em>g</em></strong><sub><em><span style="white-space:nowrap;">μv</span> =<span style="white-space:normal;">8<span style="white-space:nowrap;">π</span></span><span style="white-space:normal;">k</span><strong style="white-space:normal;"><em>T</em></strong><sub style="white-space:normal;"><em><span style="white-space:nowrap;">μv</span></em></sub><span style="white-space:normal;">,</span></em></sub> as in the ΛCDM model, because then <em>p</em> = Λ, so the pressure is a universal constant, not a variable. Numerous studies support the concept of a linearly expanding universe in which gravitational forces and accelerations are negligible because the baryonic mass density of the universe is far below its critical density. We show that such a coasting universe model agrees with SNe Ia luminosity vs. redshift distances just as well or even better than the ΛCDM model, and that it does so without having to invoke dark matter or dark energy. Occam’s razor favors a coasting universe over the ΛCDM model.展开更多
Protozoan diseases such as Visceral Leishmaniasis (VL) have re-emerged in Northern Brazil and cases of Chagas Disease also occur. This VL increase leads to early therapy for the public. Confirmatory parasitological di...Protozoan diseases such as Visceral Leishmaniasis (VL) have re-emerged in Northern Brazil and cases of Chagas Disease also occur. This VL increase leads to early therapy for the public. Confirmatory parasitological diagnoses in VL are performed by bone marrow or spleen aspiration, but ELISA, IFA or immunochromatographic tests for antibody detection are easily performed and can be used in the presence of clinical signs as confirmatory for specific therapy. This approach is successful in providing therapy and prevention of death in VL, but there is a chance of confusion with the emerging disease, Chagas Disease (CD), due to cross-reacting and similar clinical pictures, as in this case. Both VL and CD presented many asymptomatic or oligosymptomatic cases, complicating the picture. Our case report emphasizes these aspects. Positive serology, with an IIF titer of 1/160, and epidemiological correlation, suggests the diagnosis of VL and imposes antimony therapy. Despite the unfavorable evolution and signs of cardiac involvement, the presence of pericarditis and cardiac tamponade confirmed by the echocardiogram suggests CD. We reassessed the profiles of a suggested CD serology, the diagnosis was corrected and treatment with CD specific benznidazole. The good evolution started with benznidazole corroborates the diagnosis of CD and discards the hypothesis of double infection.展开更多
Background: Creatine supplementation is a subject that is very well studied. New forms of creatine are suggesting improvements in this supplement performance. Creatine HCl is supposed to have better solubility and abs...Background: Creatine supplementation is a subject that is very well studied. New forms of creatine are suggesting improvements in this supplement performance. Creatine HCl is supposed to have better solubility and absorption than creatine. The aim of this study was to compare the effects of two different doses of creatine HCl with creatine monohydrate on the strength and body composition in recreational weightlifters and to verify the relationship between strength and body composition. Methods: 40 subjects were divided in four groups: Creatine Monohydrate (CMG) 5 g/daily;Creatine HCl-1 (HCl-1) 5 g/daily, Creatine HCl-2 (HCl-2) 1.5 g/daily and Control group (CG) = 5 g of resistant starch/daily. All groups performed a resistance training program during 4 weeks. Body composition and strength were evaluated pre and post intervention. Results: The 1 RM at the Leg press was increased significantly in all groups (CMG: pre = 264.4 ± 83.8 × post = 298.1 ± 90.9;HCl-1: pre = 295.0 ± 88.3 × post = 338.3 ± 86.8 and HCl-2: pre = 274.3 ± 57.1 × post = 305.7 ± 59.4;p p = 0.003), however, there was no statistically significant difference between groups. Fatmass was significantly decreased in HCl-1 (pre = 14.5 ± 8.0 × post = 13.3 ± 8.3;p = 0.034) and HCl-2 (pre = 13.8 ± 5.8 × post = 12.7 ± 5.6;p = 0.005) but fat-free mass was increased only in HCl-1 (pre = 52.2 ± 8.9 × post = 53.8 ± 8.9;p = 0.031), with no differences between groups again. We observed strong correlations between upper limb strength and fat mass (r = 0.93, p p < 0.05) only in HCl-1 group. Conclusions: We concluded that creatine HCl and creatine Monohydrate improve performance but only creatine HCl induces changes on body composition in recreational weightlifters with differences between creatine HCl doses.展开更多
Nowadays, the circulation of poor quality medicines is becoming an alarming worldwide phenomenon with serious public health and socio-economic concerns. The situation is particularly critical in developing countries w...Nowadays, the circulation of poor quality medicines is becoming an alarming worldwide phenomenon with serious public health and socio-economic concerns. The situation is particularly critical in developing countries where drug quality assurance and regulatory systems for drug manufacturing, importation, distribution and sales are weak. A sustained vigilance on poor quality medicines that regroup counterfeit/falsified, substandard and degraded medicines is therefore required to ensure patient safety and genuine medicines integrity. A case situation is illustrated including a strategic approach and analytical tools that were found useful to detect poor quality medicines, identify unknown components, and timely alerts for appropriate measures against the spread of those harmful products. Several suspected medicines randomly sampled in several strategic Rwandan areas were firstly check-controlled by means of visual inspection and then applying several analytical techniques from simple to more complex ones. The following medicines were studied: quinine sulfate tablets, artemisinin-based combination tablets, and artesunate powders for injection. Taking into account the pharmaceutical forms and the chemical characteristics, the following tests were applied: uniformity of mass, friability, disintegration, fluorescence, identification and assay. They were followed by more complex analytical techniques that allowed more comprehension of abnormal findings among which the presence of a wrong active pharmaceutical ingredient in quinine sulfate tablets which is mainly discussed in this paper to illustrate a strategic approach and various analytical tools that can be used in detecting and identifying unknown component in poor quality medicines.展开更多
Congenital duodenal obstruction (CDO) is one of the most common anomalies presented in the neonatal period of intestinal obstruction, with an incidence of 1:10,000, and Preduodenal Portal Vein (PDPV) is a rare extrins...Congenital duodenal obstruction (CDO) is one of the most common anomalies presented in the neonatal period of intestinal obstruction, with an incidence of 1:10,000, and Preduodenal Portal Vein (PDPV) is a rare extrinsic cause of CDO. PDPV leads to CDO with a persistent vomiting, impairment of the oral feeding and weight loss, but other publications state an asymptomatic disease that may requires late surgical correction. Prenatal diagnosis of CDO, including PDPV, is evidenced by association of polyhydramnios with a dilated fluid-filled gastric and duodenum and a double-bobble image in the ultrasonography and permits a proper management of associated malformation, delivery, surgery and allows family counseling. PDPV is commonly associated to other intestinal obstruction such as extrinsic (annular pancreas, adhesive bands, malrotation, peritoneal bands, intestinal duplication), and intrinsic (atresia, web and stenosis), and also associated with cardiovascular anomalies, situs inversus, Down’s syndrome and polysplenia. This is full term 5 days old newborn, 2865 g girl, without prenatal diagnosis of CDO. It was not still established PDPV until surgery procedure such as Duodenoduodenostomy (Diamond-Shape) and can guide Paediatric Surgeons that face high intestinal obstruction in the neonate with or without prenatal diagnosis. In the ambulatory follow up after 4 months, baby has developed very well, in breast-feeding associated with formula-feeding with a normal weight gain (average of 550 g/month).展开更多
Using the transfer matrix method we calculate the frequency dependence of the transmission of longitudinal elastic waves for a layered structure where the specific acoustic impedance of the layers with odd numbering f...Using the transfer matrix method we calculate the frequency dependence of the transmission of longitudinal elastic waves for a layered structure where the specific acoustic impedance of the layers with odd numbering follows a Gaussian distribution, while the inserted even layers have the same impedance as the propagation medium. The structure presents intervals of low-pass, band-stop, and band-pass. The characteristics of the bands depend on the number of layers, on the contrast between the maximum and minimum impedances of the structure, and on the ratio of the width of the inserted layers to the width of the layers with a Gaussian distribution of impedances.展开更多
<strong>Background:</strong> Nursing is considered a science in the making that recognizes the nursing process (NP) as the scientific and methodological tool to provide care. The NP is composed of five sta...<strong>Background:</strong> Nursing is considered a science in the making that recognizes the nursing process (NP) as the scientific and methodological tool to provide care. The NP is composed of five stages of which the assessment is the first and fundamental to identify the health problems of the people. This research aimed to evaluate a pedagogical didactic strategy that is based on situated constructivism, the Based-Problem Learning (BPL), in order to improve significant learning. <strong>Methods:</strong> Quantitative research with an explanatory scope, was transversal, and it was applied to 30 students of the first year of the nursing career at the Faculty of Higher Studies Iztacala, National Autonomous University of Mexico. The sample was chosen considering the inclusion criteria. Data were collected using a Likert-type instrument validated in a previous investigation. <strong>Results: </strong>The average value obtained from the Likert scale to evaluate the intervention was 103.4, the highest score was 135 and the lowest was 83, which reflects that it was evaluated as good and particularly good. The grade given to the teacher as an agent of the ZPD, was between agree and totally agree, the highest percentages scored at 93%, since it provoked challenge in their thinking, and favored interaction among classmates. <strong>Conclusions:</strong> The application of the <em>in situ</em> teaching strategy, BPL favored significant learning of the assessment stage, the students were able to carry out the assessment in the hospital, the experience contributed to generate significant learning when students face real scenarios, which showed the effectiveness of the method.展开更多
This study reports the extraction of <i>Jatropha curcas</i> leaves using supercritical CO<sub>2</sub>. Experiments were performed varying the pressure (13 and 20 MPa) and the temperature (50...This study reports the extraction of <i>Jatropha curcas</i> leaves using supercritical CO<sub>2</sub>. Experiments were performed varying the pressure (13 and 20 MPa) and the temperature (50°C and 60°C). The model of Sovová for supercritical fluid extraction was fitted to the experimental kinetic extraction curves. Two cell sizes were used and scale up equations compared. GC analysis showed phytol, carvacrol, and hexahydrofarnesyl acetone as major compounds in all the experiments. A maximum yield of 0.95% dry-weight basis was obtained. It was observed a maximum yield (0.95% dry-weight basis) extract obtained at 20 MPa and 50°C. The results indicated that the mass yield increased with the increase of pressure. The bioassays showed that the extract of <i>J. curcas</i> possessed toxicity against <i>Hyalomma lusitanicum</i>.展开更多
One of the biggest challenges for organizations, cities and countries is waste management. Currently, 1.3 million tons of solid wastes are generated in the cities and by 2025 it is estimated that this volume will incr...One of the biggest challenges for organizations, cities and countries is waste management. Currently, 1.3 million tons of solid wastes are generated in the cities and by 2025 it is estimated that this volume will increase up to 2.2 billion tons. Considering this, it is clear that strategies for the reduction of waste generation are needed. In order to achieve this arduous and critic task changes in education, culture and public policy are required and one of the strategies that emerge as one of the most effective is the “zero waste” programs. This paper shows the foundation of a zero waste program based on previous and successful experiences in institutions of higher education. It presents the characterization and quantification of waste, as well as the valorization of it and potential environmental and economic benefits of the implementation of this kind of programs in higher education institutions. Results show that reduction and valorization of waste generation is possible in academic sectors while other outcomes emerge, such as the generation of human capital for the implementation of this kind of programs in different sectors of society and, in that way, contribute in the transition towards sustainable development.展开更多
Introduction: volume increase of Pediatric Surgery (PedSur) due to factors not yet fully clarified contrast with the scarcity of pediatric surgeons in Brazil and globally. Geographic distribution, surgical care costs,...Introduction: volume increase of Pediatric Surgery (PedSur) due to factors not yet fully clarified contrast with the scarcity of pediatric surgeons in Brazil and globally. Geographic distribution, surgical care costs, and graduation period might contribute to this dearth. In Brazil, vacancy occupation rate in PedSur is below 43% (162 vacancies/year). Aim: analyze the volume of procedures performed on 0 - 12 year-old patients in PedSur by a single Specialist at Hospital Regional (HR);compare with the literature and propose the outset of a PedSur Medical Residence program. Material & Method: 1912 attendances were fulfilled on 986 children who were submitted to surgical procedures between 2008 and 2012 at HR by a single specialist. Results: Surgical procedures were performed on 1137 children, an average of 227/year or 197 children per year. Surgery was carried out in 667 (68%) boys and 319 (32%) girls. Hernias, appendectomies and circumcisions were the most frequent external surgeries. 437 (44%) patients were discharged on the same day and, 549 (56%) were hospitalized. In the Pediatric ICU and in the Neonatal ICU 181 procedures were performed (18%). Conclusion: It was possible to make evident the distribution of surgeries on children, the degree of complexity and a sufficient number of subjects for training in this Specialty. The obtained data allow the development of a study with regards to the inception of a Medical Residence in PedSur at HR for training and retaining the professional in the region.展开更多
It is known that the presence of protein aggregates in biological samples is associated with natural aging processes and age-related diseases. The objective of this technical study was to evaluate the potential of Fou...It is known that the presence of protein aggregates in biological samples is associated with natural aging processes and age-related diseases. The objective of this technical study was to evaluate the potential of Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy to identify the presence of protein aggregates in Saccharomyces cerevisiae containing high levels of protein aggregates. We acquired ATR-FTIR spectra at mid-infrared range (between 4000 and 600 cm-1) and used multivariate analysis to analyze the data. Significant differences between spectra of wild type and mutant strains in the spectral range assigned to proteins were observed. In particular, an increase in β-sheet structures in mutant strains (spectral signals at 1683 and 1628 cm-1) was observed, indicating the putative presence of protein aggregates. These results prove the capacity of FTIR to evaluate changes in protein conformation, mainly protein aggregation, in a fast, simple and non-expensive way, producing insights on the possible application of this technique to the detection of protein aggregates in human biological samples.展开更多
An infusion was developed based on green romaine lettuce leaves and banana. Further, its sensorial acceptability was evaluated as a possible alternative treatment for insomnia. The romaine lettuces and bananas used we...An infusion was developed based on green romaine lettuce leaves and banana. Further, its sensorial acceptability was evaluated as a possible alternative treatment for insomnia. The romaine lettuces and bananas used were washed, chopped, dehydrated and ground. Optimal lettuce dehydration time was determined through charting the weight lost and examining the curve. This was found after 180 minutes at 60<sup>°<span></span></sup><span>C</span><span>. Two formulas were developed, the first with 1.1 g of dehydrated romaine lettuce and 0.2 g of dehydrated banana, and the second with 1.1 g of dehydrated romaine lettuce and 0.4 g of dehydrated banana. Sensory analysis was conducted using sorting tests for taste, aroma, paired preferences and intention to purchase. Tasters preferred the formula with a lower quantity of dehydrated banana. 85%</span><span> of tasters indicated that they would buy this infusion due to its potential functional properties for overcoming insomnia.</span>展开更多
Introduction: Central venous access is one of the most common procedures in pediatric surgery worldwide for infusion of antibiotics, electrolytes, chemotherapy, total parenteral nutrition, etc. Local regional complica...Introduction: Central venous access is one of the most common procedures in pediatric surgery worldwide for infusion of antibiotics, electrolytes, chemotherapy, total parenteral nutrition, etc. Local regional complications due the permanence of venous catheters are described most frequently as: thrombosis, infection, edema and local cellulites, mobilization and catheter loss. As a result, the catheter must be prematurely removed. The use of local corticosteroid (Betamethasone) can be an alternative to lengthen the catheter maintenance. Aim: This study objective is to analyze perivascular inflammatory alterations in phlebotomies with polytetrafluoroethylene (20 GA) catheter in two periods of permanence 15 and 30 days with or without local Corticosteroid. Material & Method: 32 New Zealand adult rabbits were submitted to catheterization of the External Right Jugular Vein(RJV) and were divided in 4 groups: G1: with 8 rabbits’ catheters collected in the 15th day, without corticosteroid use;G2: with 8 rabbits’ catheters collected in the 15th day, with corticosteroid use;G3: with 8 rabbits’ catheters collected in the 30th day, without corticosteroid use;G4: with 8 rabbits’ catheters collected in the 30th day, with corticosteroid use;G5: Control was the contralateral vein of the rabbit itself. Results: G2 presented lower inflammatory incidence when compared to G1, despite this difference was not statistically significant (p = 0.7333). G4 also displayed lower inflammatory incidence than G3, however it was not statistically significant (p = 0.3571). When G1 and G3 were compared with G2 and G4, there was also lower incidence of the inflammatory process in those subjects using Betamethasone, although this difference was not statistically significant (p = 0.3202). Conclusion: Betamethasone used in the vascular catheters insertion areas through phlebotomy can lessen local inflammatory manifestations of venous catheterizations.展开更多
文摘A novel 2-indano[2,3b]-2-ferrocenyl- and 2-indano[2,3b]-2-(p-methoxy-phenyl)[1,5]benzo-2,5-dihydrothiazepine 5a,b (addition Michael/cyclization) (~30.32%), indano[2,3b]-2-ferrocenyl- and 2-(p-methoxyphenyl)[1,4] benzothiazine 4a,b (addition “anti-Michael”/cyclization) (~45.43%), respectively, were obtained by the condensation of 2-ferrocenyl-and 2-(p-methoxy-phenyl)methyliden-1,3-indandiones 1a,b with o-aminothiophenol 2 in the presence of AcOH and HCl. A new “anti-Michael” addition reaction of 1,4-bis-heteronucleophile 2 into 2-arylmethyliden-1,3-indandiones was reported. As a result of this reaction the product 1a,b was obtained. The structures of the resultant compounds were elucidated by IR, 1H and 13C NMR spectroscopy, mass spectrometry, elemental and X-ray diffraction analysis. The in vitro antitumor activity of the obtained products was researched using the following human cancer cell lines: glioblastoma (CNS U-251), prostatic adenocarcinoma (PC-3), chronic myelogenous leukemia (K562), colorectal adenocarcinoma (HCT-15), mammary adenocarcinoma (MCF-7), and small cell lung cancer (SKLU) and the sulforhodamine B (SRB) method. Among these new compounds some thiazine and thiazepine derivatives showed compelling in vitro antitumor effects on cell lines K-562, HCT-15, SKLU-1 and MCF-7.
文摘Foodborne Illnesses (FI) are considered an important problem in public health for their high levels of morbidity and, in some cases, of mortality in Mexico and around the world. Different agents that cause Foodborne Illnesses, in which biological agents such as the genus Salmonella spp., are included, have been often associated with outbreaks. A continued effort has been observed in the food industry, in collaboration with sanitary authorities on a global scale, through the creation and continued improvement of different procedures to prevent the contamination by Salmonella, in which the elaboration of laboratory methodologies for the detection and isolation of this pathogen in foods and, in such manner, prevents the outbreak of illnesses. However, along with the aforementioned, it has been reported that a few years ago, the appearance of an ever-increasing number of strains of Salmonella spp., in foods with multi-drug resistance to antibiotics which are used in the treatment of its illness, results in a major emphasis on the health issue related to Foodborne Illnesses and, in particular, to those generated by factors of medical dependence such as the increase in recuperation time, costs, and reduction in the number of alternative pharmaceutical treatments. This work presents a general overview of FI, in which illnesses generated by bacteria of the genus Salmonella spp., their detection in a microbiological laboratory, as well as the phenomenon of resistance to antibiotics by these bacteria, and the current and difficult issue reported through different investigations all around the world, of the rise in this phenomenon and its importance in public health, are discussed.
基金supported by grants from the National Institutes of Health (NIH) [No. K25CA129173 (MMA), R01CA122031 (ASA), and 1R01CA160216 (ASA)]
文摘Tumor cell proliferation, infiltration, migration, and neovascularization are known causes of treatment resistance in glioblastoma multiforme(GBM). The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of radiation on the growth characteristics of primary human GBM developed in a nude rat. Primary GBM cells grown from explanted GBM tissues were implanted orthotopically in nude rats. Tumor growth was confirmed by magnetic resonance imaging on day 77(baseline) after implantation. The rats underwent irradiation to a dose of 50 Gy delivered subcuratively on day 84 postimplantation(n = 8), or underwent no radiation(n = 8). Brain tissues were obtained on day 112(nonirradiated) or day 133(irradiated). Immunohistochemistry was performed to determine tumor cell proliferation(Ki-67) and to assess the expression of infiltration marker(matrix metalloproteinase-2, MMP-2) and cell migration marker(CD44). Tumor neovascularization was assessed by microvessel density using von-Willebrand factor(vWF) staining. Magnetic resonance imaging showed well-developed, infiltrative tumors in 11 weeks postimplantation. The proportion of Ki-67-positive cells in tumors undergoing radiation was(71 ± 15)% compared with(25 ± 12)% in the nonirradiated group(P = 0.02). The number of MMP-2-positive areas and proportion of CD44-positive cells were also high in tumors receiving radiation, indicating great invasion and infiltration. Microvessel density analysis did not show a significant difference between nonirradiated and irradiated tumors. Taken together, we found that subcurative radiation significantly increased proliferation, invasion, and migration of primary GBM. Our study provides insights into possible mechanisms of treatment resistance following radiation therapy for GBM.
文摘The influence of KOH concentration (8 and 12 M) and curing conditions as temperature (40℃ and 60℃), time (7 and 28 days) and relative humidity (85% and 95% RH), on compressive strength of metakaolin-based geopolymers (MK-based GP) was evaluated. Derived from the experimental design technique, and using a factorial design 2<sup>K</sup> with two replications in the center point, eighteen experiments were conducted. The results reveal that the best performance conditions of geopolymerization to develop a higher compressive strength of 20 MPa are 12 M KOH to 60℃ and 85% RH at 28 curing days. With these conditions, the value of relative humidity of 85%, promotes high strength compact samples, and a maximum of 42 MPa at 90 days. The results of significant, compressive design of GP showed that KOH concentration and curing relative humidity were the most important factors, followed by curing time and temperature. The GP were characterized by XRD, and their evolution on compression strength was followed by SEM.
文摘The aim of this study is to describe the sedimentary evolution occurred during the last 200-years in the middle Capibaribe Estuary by mean of the sedimentary analysis (magnetic susceptibility, grain size, calcium carbonate, total organic matter—TOM) and geochemical parameters (sedimentation rates, heavy metal concentrations, enrichment and contamination factor) along a core. The core recorded four units and the measured sedimentation rate was 0.52 cm cm·y﹣1. The first unit, dating before 1812, showed environmental characteristics of mangrove with predominance of fine sediments, high total organic matter percentages and heavy metal concentrations probably from natural sources. The second unit, from 1812 to 1937, showed a slight increase in sand percentages and decrease in fine fraction, TOM contents and heavy metals concentrations. These characteristics may be associated with the urban expansion processes and the presence of monoculture of sugar cane occurred in the middle Capibaribe Estuary. The third unit, from 1937 to 2004, showed the highest sand percentages of the core, characterizing a unit exclusively of sand with low fine fractions percentages, total organic matter contents and heavy metals concentrations. This unit represented the intensification of the urban processes expansion of Recife City. The fourth unit showed increases in fine fraction sedimentation, TOM contents and heavy metals concentrations. This new change in sedimentation probably is consequence of rebirth of marginal estuarine banks by mangrove vegetation, due to environmental projects carried out by Recife Prefecture in the early 2000’s. It was not possible to register the anthropic contamination to middle estuary area probably due to the Barreiras Formation influences in the metal concentration records, masking the anthropic contamination inputs in estuarine region. Although, lead and arsenic showing an enrichment level indicating anthropic contamination.
文摘Provisional prosthetic restoration materials are exposed to oral cavity producing on the surface biofilm where different factors such as surface roughness and porosity can condition their formation and organization and can create stagnation areas that promote the bonding of organic particles, thus facilitating the formation and maturation of the biofilm. The purpose of this study was to compare surface roughness of two provisional prosthetic restorations materials and their bacterial susceptibility. In this study, two provisional restoration materials were used in two groups, A polymethyl methacrylate acrylic (NicTone MDC DENTAL) and B bis-acryl resin (Protemp 4 ESPE 3M). A total of 80 samples (40 samples of each material) were in thick plates of 10 × 10 mm and 2 mm high. 20 samples of each material were polished, while 20 were left unpolished. Subsequently, the samples were observed by Atomic Force Microscopy for their evaluation of surface roughness. The values were analyzed with t-test, Mann-Whitney U test and Kruskal Wallis test. The samples were microbiologically inoculated with the strains obtained and identified from a provisional polymethyl methacrylate acrylic restoration in a patient, in order to observe bacterial adhesion using a Scanning Electron Microscope. Two strains, Enterococcus faecalis and Pseudomona luteola, were identified. The presence of the microorganisms was observed on the surface of both materials, either polished or unpolished, with a lower level of microorganism adhesion found on the bis-acrylic resin. There was a significant difference about surface roughness in the groups A and B with p -8). We found that the polished bis-acrylic resin showed lower surface roughness and bacterial adhesion in comparison with the polymethyl methacrylate.
文摘The prevailing cosmological constant and cold dark matter (ΛCDM) cosmic concordance model accounts for the radial expansion of the universe after the Big Bang. The model appears to be authoritative because it is based on the Einstein gravitational field equation. However, a thorough scrutiny of the underlying theory calls into question the suitability of the field equation, which states that the Einstein tensor <strong><em>G</em></strong><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><sub><em><span style="white-space:nowrap;">μv</span></em></sub></span> is a constant multiple of the stress-energy tensor <em> <strong>T</strong></em><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><sub><em><span style="white-space:nowrap;">μv</span></em></sub> </span>when they both are evaluated at the same 4D space-time point: <strong style="white-space:normal;"><em>G</em></strong><sub><em><span style="white-space:nowrap;">μv</span> </em></sub>= 8<span style="white-space:nowrap;">π</span>k<strong style="white-space:normal;"><em>T</em></strong><sub><em><span style="white-space:nowrap;">μv</span></em></sub>, where k is the gravitational constant. Notwithstanding its venerable provenance, this equation is incorrect unless the cosmic pressure is <em>p</em> = 0;but then all that remains of the Einstein equation is the Poisson equation which models the Newtonian gravity field. This shortcoming is not resolved by adding the cosmological constant term to the field equation, <strong style="white-space:normal;"><em>G</em></strong><sub><em><span style="white-space:nowrap;">μv</span> </em></sub>+<span style="white-space:nowrap;">Λ</span> <strong style="white-space:normal;"><em>g</em></strong><sub><em><span style="white-space:nowrap;">μv</span> =<span style="white-space:normal;">8<span style="white-space:nowrap;">π</span></span><span style="white-space:normal;">k</span><strong style="white-space:normal;"><em>T</em></strong><sub style="white-space:normal;"><em><span style="white-space:nowrap;">μv</span></em></sub><span style="white-space:normal;">,</span></em></sub> as in the ΛCDM model, because then <em>p</em> = Λ, so the pressure is a universal constant, not a variable. Numerous studies support the concept of a linearly expanding universe in which gravitational forces and accelerations are negligible because the baryonic mass density of the universe is far below its critical density. We show that such a coasting universe model agrees with SNe Ia luminosity vs. redshift distances just as well or even better than the ΛCDM model, and that it does so without having to invoke dark matter or dark energy. Occam’s razor favors a coasting universe over the ΛCDM model.
文摘Protozoan diseases such as Visceral Leishmaniasis (VL) have re-emerged in Northern Brazil and cases of Chagas Disease also occur. This VL increase leads to early therapy for the public. Confirmatory parasitological diagnoses in VL are performed by bone marrow or spleen aspiration, but ELISA, IFA or immunochromatographic tests for antibody detection are easily performed and can be used in the presence of clinical signs as confirmatory for specific therapy. This approach is successful in providing therapy and prevention of death in VL, but there is a chance of confusion with the emerging disease, Chagas Disease (CD), due to cross-reacting and similar clinical pictures, as in this case. Both VL and CD presented many asymptomatic or oligosymptomatic cases, complicating the picture. Our case report emphasizes these aspects. Positive serology, with an IIF titer of 1/160, and epidemiological correlation, suggests the diagnosis of VL and imposes antimony therapy. Despite the unfavorable evolution and signs of cardiac involvement, the presence of pericarditis and cardiac tamponade confirmed by the echocardiogram suggests CD. We reassessed the profiles of a suggested CD serology, the diagnosis was corrected and treatment with CD specific benznidazole. The good evolution started with benznidazole corroborates the diagnosis of CD and discards the hypothesis of double infection.
文摘Background: Creatine supplementation is a subject that is very well studied. New forms of creatine are suggesting improvements in this supplement performance. Creatine HCl is supposed to have better solubility and absorption than creatine. The aim of this study was to compare the effects of two different doses of creatine HCl with creatine monohydrate on the strength and body composition in recreational weightlifters and to verify the relationship between strength and body composition. Methods: 40 subjects were divided in four groups: Creatine Monohydrate (CMG) 5 g/daily;Creatine HCl-1 (HCl-1) 5 g/daily, Creatine HCl-2 (HCl-2) 1.5 g/daily and Control group (CG) = 5 g of resistant starch/daily. All groups performed a resistance training program during 4 weeks. Body composition and strength were evaluated pre and post intervention. Results: The 1 RM at the Leg press was increased significantly in all groups (CMG: pre = 264.4 ± 83.8 × post = 298.1 ± 90.9;HCl-1: pre = 295.0 ± 88.3 × post = 338.3 ± 86.8 and HCl-2: pre = 274.3 ± 57.1 × post = 305.7 ± 59.4;p p = 0.003), however, there was no statistically significant difference between groups. Fatmass was significantly decreased in HCl-1 (pre = 14.5 ± 8.0 × post = 13.3 ± 8.3;p = 0.034) and HCl-2 (pre = 13.8 ± 5.8 × post = 12.7 ± 5.6;p = 0.005) but fat-free mass was increased only in HCl-1 (pre = 52.2 ± 8.9 × post = 53.8 ± 8.9;p = 0.031), with no differences between groups again. We observed strong correlations between upper limb strength and fat mass (r = 0.93, p p < 0.05) only in HCl-1 group. Conclusions: We concluded that creatine HCl and creatine Monohydrate improve performance but only creatine HCl induces changes on body composition in recreational weightlifters with differences between creatine HCl doses.
文摘Nowadays, the circulation of poor quality medicines is becoming an alarming worldwide phenomenon with serious public health and socio-economic concerns. The situation is particularly critical in developing countries where drug quality assurance and regulatory systems for drug manufacturing, importation, distribution and sales are weak. A sustained vigilance on poor quality medicines that regroup counterfeit/falsified, substandard and degraded medicines is therefore required to ensure patient safety and genuine medicines integrity. A case situation is illustrated including a strategic approach and analytical tools that were found useful to detect poor quality medicines, identify unknown components, and timely alerts for appropriate measures against the spread of those harmful products. Several suspected medicines randomly sampled in several strategic Rwandan areas were firstly check-controlled by means of visual inspection and then applying several analytical techniques from simple to more complex ones. The following medicines were studied: quinine sulfate tablets, artemisinin-based combination tablets, and artesunate powders for injection. Taking into account the pharmaceutical forms and the chemical characteristics, the following tests were applied: uniformity of mass, friability, disintegration, fluorescence, identification and assay. They were followed by more complex analytical techniques that allowed more comprehension of abnormal findings among which the presence of a wrong active pharmaceutical ingredient in quinine sulfate tablets which is mainly discussed in this paper to illustrate a strategic approach and various analytical tools that can be used in detecting and identifying unknown component in poor quality medicines.
文摘Congenital duodenal obstruction (CDO) is one of the most common anomalies presented in the neonatal period of intestinal obstruction, with an incidence of 1:10,000, and Preduodenal Portal Vein (PDPV) is a rare extrinsic cause of CDO. PDPV leads to CDO with a persistent vomiting, impairment of the oral feeding and weight loss, but other publications state an asymptomatic disease that may requires late surgical correction. Prenatal diagnosis of CDO, including PDPV, is evidenced by association of polyhydramnios with a dilated fluid-filled gastric and duodenum and a double-bobble image in the ultrasonography and permits a proper management of associated malformation, delivery, surgery and allows family counseling. PDPV is commonly associated to other intestinal obstruction such as extrinsic (annular pancreas, adhesive bands, malrotation, peritoneal bands, intestinal duplication), and intrinsic (atresia, web and stenosis), and also associated with cardiovascular anomalies, situs inversus, Down’s syndrome and polysplenia. This is full term 5 days old newborn, 2865 g girl, without prenatal diagnosis of CDO. It was not still established PDPV until surgery procedure such as Duodenoduodenostomy (Diamond-Shape) and can guide Paediatric Surgeons that face high intestinal obstruction in the neonate with or without prenatal diagnosis. In the ambulatory follow up after 4 months, baby has developed very well, in breast-feeding associated with formula-feeding with a normal weight gain (average of 550 g/month).
文摘Using the transfer matrix method we calculate the frequency dependence of the transmission of longitudinal elastic waves for a layered structure where the specific acoustic impedance of the layers with odd numbering follows a Gaussian distribution, while the inserted even layers have the same impedance as the propagation medium. The structure presents intervals of low-pass, band-stop, and band-pass. The characteristics of the bands depend on the number of layers, on the contrast between the maximum and minimum impedances of the structure, and on the ratio of the width of the inserted layers to the width of the layers with a Gaussian distribution of impedances.
文摘<strong>Background:</strong> Nursing is considered a science in the making that recognizes the nursing process (NP) as the scientific and methodological tool to provide care. The NP is composed of five stages of which the assessment is the first and fundamental to identify the health problems of the people. This research aimed to evaluate a pedagogical didactic strategy that is based on situated constructivism, the Based-Problem Learning (BPL), in order to improve significant learning. <strong>Methods:</strong> Quantitative research with an explanatory scope, was transversal, and it was applied to 30 students of the first year of the nursing career at the Faculty of Higher Studies Iztacala, National Autonomous University of Mexico. The sample was chosen considering the inclusion criteria. Data were collected using a Likert-type instrument validated in a previous investigation. <strong>Results: </strong>The average value obtained from the Likert scale to evaluate the intervention was 103.4, the highest score was 135 and the lowest was 83, which reflects that it was evaluated as good and particularly good. The grade given to the teacher as an agent of the ZPD, was between agree and totally agree, the highest percentages scored at 93%, since it provoked challenge in their thinking, and favored interaction among classmates. <strong>Conclusions:</strong> The application of the <em>in situ</em> teaching strategy, BPL favored significant learning of the assessment stage, the students were able to carry out the assessment in the hospital, the experience contributed to generate significant learning when students face real scenarios, which showed the effectiveness of the method.
文摘This study reports the extraction of <i>Jatropha curcas</i> leaves using supercritical CO<sub>2</sub>. Experiments were performed varying the pressure (13 and 20 MPa) and the temperature (50°C and 60°C). The model of Sovová for supercritical fluid extraction was fitted to the experimental kinetic extraction curves. Two cell sizes were used and scale up equations compared. GC analysis showed phytol, carvacrol, and hexahydrofarnesyl acetone as major compounds in all the experiments. A maximum yield of 0.95% dry-weight basis was obtained. It was observed a maximum yield (0.95% dry-weight basis) extract obtained at 20 MPa and 50°C. The results indicated that the mass yield increased with the increase of pressure. The bioassays showed that the extract of <i>J. curcas</i> possessed toxicity against <i>Hyalomma lusitanicum</i>.
文摘One of the biggest challenges for organizations, cities and countries is waste management. Currently, 1.3 million tons of solid wastes are generated in the cities and by 2025 it is estimated that this volume will increase up to 2.2 billion tons. Considering this, it is clear that strategies for the reduction of waste generation are needed. In order to achieve this arduous and critic task changes in education, culture and public policy are required and one of the strategies that emerge as one of the most effective is the “zero waste” programs. This paper shows the foundation of a zero waste program based on previous and successful experiences in institutions of higher education. It presents the characterization and quantification of waste, as well as the valorization of it and potential environmental and economic benefits of the implementation of this kind of programs in higher education institutions. Results show that reduction and valorization of waste generation is possible in academic sectors while other outcomes emerge, such as the generation of human capital for the implementation of this kind of programs in different sectors of society and, in that way, contribute in the transition towards sustainable development.
文摘Introduction: volume increase of Pediatric Surgery (PedSur) due to factors not yet fully clarified contrast with the scarcity of pediatric surgeons in Brazil and globally. Geographic distribution, surgical care costs, and graduation period might contribute to this dearth. In Brazil, vacancy occupation rate in PedSur is below 43% (162 vacancies/year). Aim: analyze the volume of procedures performed on 0 - 12 year-old patients in PedSur by a single Specialist at Hospital Regional (HR);compare with the literature and propose the outset of a PedSur Medical Residence program. Material & Method: 1912 attendances were fulfilled on 986 children who were submitted to surgical procedures between 2008 and 2012 at HR by a single specialist. Results: Surgical procedures were performed on 1137 children, an average of 227/year or 197 children per year. Surgery was carried out in 667 (68%) boys and 319 (32%) girls. Hernias, appendectomies and circumcisions were the most frequent external surgeries. 437 (44%) patients were discharged on the same day and, 549 (56%) were hospitalized. In the Pediatric ICU and in the Neonatal ICU 181 procedures were performed (18%). Conclusion: It was possible to make evident the distribution of surgeries on children, the degree of complexity and a sufficient number of subjects for training in this Specialty. The obtained data allow the development of a study with regards to the inception of a Medical Residence in PedSur at HR for training and retaining the professional in the region.
文摘It is known that the presence of protein aggregates in biological samples is associated with natural aging processes and age-related diseases. The objective of this technical study was to evaluate the potential of Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy to identify the presence of protein aggregates in Saccharomyces cerevisiae containing high levels of protein aggregates. We acquired ATR-FTIR spectra at mid-infrared range (between 4000 and 600 cm-1) and used multivariate analysis to analyze the data. Significant differences between spectra of wild type and mutant strains in the spectral range assigned to proteins were observed. In particular, an increase in β-sheet structures in mutant strains (spectral signals at 1683 and 1628 cm-1) was observed, indicating the putative presence of protein aggregates. These results prove the capacity of FTIR to evaluate changes in protein conformation, mainly protein aggregation, in a fast, simple and non-expensive way, producing insights on the possible application of this technique to the detection of protein aggregates in human biological samples.
文摘An infusion was developed based on green romaine lettuce leaves and banana. Further, its sensorial acceptability was evaluated as a possible alternative treatment for insomnia. The romaine lettuces and bananas used were washed, chopped, dehydrated and ground. Optimal lettuce dehydration time was determined through charting the weight lost and examining the curve. This was found after 180 minutes at 60<sup>°<span></span></sup><span>C</span><span>. Two formulas were developed, the first with 1.1 g of dehydrated romaine lettuce and 0.2 g of dehydrated banana, and the second with 1.1 g of dehydrated romaine lettuce and 0.4 g of dehydrated banana. Sensory analysis was conducted using sorting tests for taste, aroma, paired preferences and intention to purchase. Tasters preferred the formula with a lower quantity of dehydrated banana. 85%</span><span> of tasters indicated that they would buy this infusion due to its potential functional properties for overcoming insomnia.</span>
文摘Introduction: Central venous access is one of the most common procedures in pediatric surgery worldwide for infusion of antibiotics, electrolytes, chemotherapy, total parenteral nutrition, etc. Local regional complications due the permanence of venous catheters are described most frequently as: thrombosis, infection, edema and local cellulites, mobilization and catheter loss. As a result, the catheter must be prematurely removed. The use of local corticosteroid (Betamethasone) can be an alternative to lengthen the catheter maintenance. Aim: This study objective is to analyze perivascular inflammatory alterations in phlebotomies with polytetrafluoroethylene (20 GA) catheter in two periods of permanence 15 and 30 days with or without local Corticosteroid. Material & Method: 32 New Zealand adult rabbits were submitted to catheterization of the External Right Jugular Vein(RJV) and were divided in 4 groups: G1: with 8 rabbits’ catheters collected in the 15th day, without corticosteroid use;G2: with 8 rabbits’ catheters collected in the 15th day, with corticosteroid use;G3: with 8 rabbits’ catheters collected in the 30th day, without corticosteroid use;G4: with 8 rabbits’ catheters collected in the 30th day, with corticosteroid use;G5: Control was the contralateral vein of the rabbit itself. Results: G2 presented lower inflammatory incidence when compared to G1, despite this difference was not statistically significant (p = 0.7333). G4 also displayed lower inflammatory incidence than G3, however it was not statistically significant (p = 0.3571). When G1 and G3 were compared with G2 and G4, there was also lower incidence of the inflammatory process in those subjects using Betamethasone, although this difference was not statistically significant (p = 0.3202). Conclusion: Betamethasone used in the vascular catheters insertion areas through phlebotomy can lessen local inflammatory manifestations of venous catheterizations.
