分离式打拿极电子倍增器(Discrete Dynode Electron Multiplier,DDEM)作为一种真空电子倍增器件可以实现对电子、离子和光子等粒子的探测,具有增益高、寿命长、动态范围宽、耐轰击等优点,广泛应用于材料分析、高能物理、航空航天等领域...分离式打拿极电子倍增器(Discrete Dynode Electron Multiplier,DDEM)作为一种真空电子倍增器件可以实现对电子、离子和光子等粒子的探测,具有增益高、寿命长、动态范围宽、耐轰击等优点,广泛应用于材料分析、高能物理、航空航天等领域。传统DDEM一般由铜铍或银镁合金作为基底材料,经过氧化激活工艺制备而成,DDEM的性能依赖于基底材料的性能,由于氧化激活工艺复杂且合金材料的稳定性难以控制,造成后续制作出的打拿极性能难以保证。抛弃传统复杂的合金氧化工艺,采用原子层沉积(Atomic Layer Deposition,ALD)技术制备二次电子发射系数(Secondary Electron Yield,SEY)高而且稳定的氧化铝薄膜(SEY最大值为4.2),设计了一种盒栅式结构的DDEM,搭建了真空设备实现DDEM关键技术参数的测试评价,在直流状态下DDEM的增益可达2×10^(6),脉冲状态下增益可达1×10^(8),验证了ALD技术研制DDEM的可行性,解决了传统DDEM打拿极发射层材料严重依赖于金属合金成分和高温氧化激活工艺的难题,为今后研制更优性能的DDEM提供了良好的实验基础和新的技术方案。展开更多
在现有的微通道板皮料玻璃配方的基础上,经过一系列的制作工艺设计和改进,最终制作出了具有合适性能的单螺旋通道的通道电子倍增器;之后搭建了以盘香型钽灯丝作为输入电流的通道电子倍增器(Channel Electron Multiplier,CEM)模拟模式测...在现有的微通道板皮料玻璃配方的基础上,经过一系列的制作工艺设计和改进,最终制作出了具有合适性能的单螺旋通道的通道电子倍增器;之后搭建了以盘香型钽灯丝作为输入电流的通道电子倍增器(Channel Electron Multiplier,CEM)模拟模式测试装置和以紫外发光二极管结合金阴极作为输入信号的CEM脉冲计数模式测试装置,对该器件的综合性能参数进行全面的测试与评价;测试结果表明:本实验室自行研制的单螺旋通道的通道电子倍增器的模拟增益和脉冲增益分别为1×10^(4)~1×10^(6)和1×10^(7)~1×10^(8),增益值随着工作电压的升高而增加,输出脉冲的上升时间为2~3 ns,性能接近国外同行的同类器件。展开更多
为了精确测量材料在不同入射电子能量和入射电子角度下的二次电子产额(secondary electron yield,SEY)以及二次电子能谱,研制了收集极为球形结构的SEY测量装置。首先介绍了装置的构成、测量原理及中和方法,并对测得的信号波形进行了分...为了精确测量材料在不同入射电子能量和入射电子角度下的二次电子产额(secondary electron yield,SEY)以及二次电子能谱,研制了收集极为球形结构的SEY测量装置。首先介绍了装置的构成、测量原理及中和方法,并对测得的信号波形进行了分析。随后,测量了Cu材料和Al_(2)O_(3)薄膜材料的SEY值和二次电子能谱。结果表明:不同入射电子能量下SEY值的标准偏差分别小于0.055(Cu)和0.126(Al_(2)O_(3));不同入射电子角度下SEY值与理论模型符合的很好,拟合R^(2)值为0.99864(Cu);出射的二次电子能量绝大部分集中在10 eV(Cu)和20 eV(Al_(2)O_(3))以下,符合相关理论预期。展开更多
This paper presents an energy resolution study of the JUNO experiment,incorporating the latest knowledge acquired during the detector construction phase.The determination of neutrino mass ordering in JUNO requires an ...This paper presents an energy resolution study of the JUNO experiment,incorporating the latest knowledge acquired during the detector construction phase.The determination of neutrino mass ordering in JUNO requires an exceptional energy resolution better than 3% at 1 MeV.To achieve this ambitious goal,significant efforts have been undertaken in the design and production of the key components of the JUNO detector.Various factors affecting the detection of inverse beta decay signals have an impact on the energy resolution,extending beyond the statistical fluctuations of the detected number of photons,such as the properties of the liquid scintillator,performance of photomultiplier tubes,and the energy reconstruction algorithm.To account for these effects,a full JUNO simulation and reconstruction approach is employed.This enables the modeling of all relevant effects and the evaluation of associated inputs to accurately estimate the energy resolution.The results of this study reveal an energy resolution of 2.95% at 1 Mev.Furthermore,this study assesses the contribution of major effects to the overall energy resolution budget.This analysis serves as a reference for interpreting future measurements of energy resolution during JUNO data collection.Moreover,it provides a guideline for comprehending the energy resolution characteristics of liquid scintillator-based detectors.展开更多
The Jiangmen Underground Neutrino Observatory(JUNO)is a multi-purpose neutrino experiment under construction in South China.This paper presents an updated estimate of JUNO’s sensitivity to neutrino mass ordering usin...The Jiangmen Underground Neutrino Observatory(JUNO)is a multi-purpose neutrino experiment under construction in South China.This paper presents an updated estimate of JUNO’s sensitivity to neutrino mass ordering using the reactor antineutrinos emitted from eight nuclear reactor cores in the Taishan and Yangjiang nuclear power plants.This measurement is planned by studying the fine interference pattern caused by quasi-vacuum oscillations in the oscillated antineutrino spectrum at a baseline of 52.5 km and is completely independent of the CP violating phase and neutrino mixing angleθ_(23).The sensitivity is obtained through a joint analysis of JUNO and Taishan Antineutrino Observatory(TAO)detectors utilizing the best available knowledge to date about the location and overburden of the JUNO experimental site,local and global nuclear reactors,JUNO and TAO detector responses,expected event rates and spectra of signals and backgrounds,and systematic uncertainties of analysis inputs.We find that a 3σmedian sensitivity to reject the wrong mass ordering hypothesis can be reached with an exposure of about 6.5 years×26.6 GW thermal power.展开更多
The Jiangmen Underground Neutrino Observatory(JUNO)is a large liquid scintillator detector designed to explore many topics in fundamental physics.In this study,the potential of searching for proton decay in the p→νK...The Jiangmen Underground Neutrino Observatory(JUNO)is a large liquid scintillator detector designed to explore many topics in fundamental physics.In this study,the potential of searching for proton decay in the p→νK^(+)mode with JUNO is investigated.The kaon and its decay particles feature a clear three-fold coincidence signature that results in a high efficiency for identification.Moreover,the excellent energy resolution of JUNO permits suppression of the sizable background caused by other delayed signals.Based on these advantages,the detection efficiency for the proton decay via p→νK^(+)is 36.9%±4.9%with a background level of 0.2±0.05(syst)±0.2(stat)events after 10 years of data collection.The estimated sensitivity based on 200 kton-years of exposure is 9.6×1033 years,which is competitive with the current best limits on the proton lifetime in this channel and complements the use of different detection technologies.展开更多
JUNO is a multi-purpose neutrino observatory under construction in the south of China.This publication presents new sensitivity estimates for the measurement of the △m_(31)^(2),△m_(21)^(2),sin^(2)θ_(12),and sin^(2)...JUNO is a multi-purpose neutrino observatory under construction in the south of China.This publication presents new sensitivity estimates for the measurement of the △m_(31)^(2),△m_(21)^(2),sin^(2)θ_(12),and sin^(2)θ_(13) oscillation parameters using reactor antineutrinos,which is one of the primary physics goals of the experiment.The sensitivities are obtained using the best knowledge available to date on the location and overburden of the experimental site,the nuclear reactors in the surrounding area and beyond,the detector response uncertainties,and the reactor antineutrino spectral shape constraints expected from the TAO satellite detector.It is found that the △m_(21)^(2) and sin^(2)θ_(12) oscillation parameters will be determined to 0.5%precision or better in six years of data collection.In the same period,the △m_(31)^(2) parameter will be determined to about 0.2%precision for each mass ordering hypothesis.The new precision represents approximately an order of magnitude improvement over existing constraints for these three parameters.展开更多
文摘分离式打拿极电子倍增器(Discrete Dynode Electron Multiplier,DDEM)作为一种真空电子倍增器件可以实现对电子、离子和光子等粒子的探测,具有增益高、寿命长、动态范围宽、耐轰击等优点,广泛应用于材料分析、高能物理、航空航天等领域。传统DDEM一般由铜铍或银镁合金作为基底材料,经过氧化激活工艺制备而成,DDEM的性能依赖于基底材料的性能,由于氧化激活工艺复杂且合金材料的稳定性难以控制,造成后续制作出的打拿极性能难以保证。抛弃传统复杂的合金氧化工艺,采用原子层沉积(Atomic Layer Deposition,ALD)技术制备二次电子发射系数(Secondary Electron Yield,SEY)高而且稳定的氧化铝薄膜(SEY最大值为4.2),设计了一种盒栅式结构的DDEM,搭建了真空设备实现DDEM关键技术参数的测试评价,在直流状态下DDEM的增益可达2×10^(6),脉冲状态下增益可达1×10^(8),验证了ALD技术研制DDEM的可行性,解决了传统DDEM打拿极发射层材料严重依赖于金属合金成分和高温氧化激活工艺的难题,为今后研制更优性能的DDEM提供了良好的实验基础和新的技术方案。
文摘在现有的微通道板皮料玻璃配方的基础上,经过一系列的制作工艺设计和改进,最终制作出了具有合适性能的单螺旋通道的通道电子倍增器;之后搭建了以盘香型钽灯丝作为输入电流的通道电子倍增器(Channel Electron Multiplier,CEM)模拟模式测试装置和以紫外发光二极管结合金阴极作为输入信号的CEM脉冲计数模式测试装置,对该器件的综合性能参数进行全面的测试与评价;测试结果表明:本实验室自行研制的单螺旋通道的通道电子倍增器的模拟增益和脉冲增益分别为1×10^(4)~1×10^(6)和1×10^(7)~1×10^(8),增益值随着工作电压的升高而增加,输出脉冲的上升时间为2~3 ns,性能接近国外同行的同类器件。
文摘为了精确测量材料在不同入射电子能量和入射电子角度下的二次电子产额(secondary electron yield,SEY)以及二次电子能谱,研制了收集极为球形结构的SEY测量装置。首先介绍了装置的构成、测量原理及中和方法,并对测得的信号波形进行了分析。随后,测量了Cu材料和Al_(2)O_(3)薄膜材料的SEY值和二次电子能谱。结果表明:不同入射电子能量下SEY值的标准偏差分别小于0.055(Cu)和0.126(Al_(2)O_(3));不同入射电子角度下SEY值与理论模型符合的很好,拟合R^(2)值为0.99864(Cu);出射的二次电子能量绝大部分集中在10 eV(Cu)和20 eV(Al_(2)O_(3))以下,符合相关理论预期。
基金Supported by the Chinese Academy of Sciencesthe National Key R&D Program of China+20 种基金the CAS Center for Excellence in Particle Physics,Wuyi Universitythe Tsung-Dao Lee Institute of Shanghai Jiao Tong University in Chinathe Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique de Particules(IN2P3)in Francethe Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare(INFN)in Italythe Italian-Chinese collaborative research program MAECI-NSFCthe Fond de la Recherche Scientifique(F.R.S-FNRS)FWO under the"Excellence of Science-EOS"in Belgiumthe Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnològico in Brazilthe Agencia Nacional de Investigacion y Desarrollo and ANID Millennium Science Initiative Program—ICN2019_044 in Chilethe Charles University Research Centre and the Ministry of Education,Youth,and Sports in Czech Republicthe Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft(DFG)the Helmholtz Associationthe Cluster of Excellence PRISMA+in Germanythe Joint Institute of Nuclear Research(JINR)Lomonosov Moscow State University in Russiathe joint Russian Science Foundation(RSF)National Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC)research programthe MOST and MOE in Taiwan,Chinathe Chulalongkorn University and Suranaree University of Technology in Thailandthe University of California at Irvinethe National Science Foundation in USA。
文摘This paper presents an energy resolution study of the JUNO experiment,incorporating the latest knowledge acquired during the detector construction phase.The determination of neutrino mass ordering in JUNO requires an exceptional energy resolution better than 3% at 1 MeV.To achieve this ambitious goal,significant efforts have been undertaken in the design and production of the key components of the JUNO detector.Various factors affecting the detection of inverse beta decay signals have an impact on the energy resolution,extending beyond the statistical fluctuations of the detected number of photons,such as the properties of the liquid scintillator,performance of photomultiplier tubes,and the energy reconstruction algorithm.To account for these effects,a full JUNO simulation and reconstruction approach is employed.This enables the modeling of all relevant effects and the evaluation of associated inputs to accurately estimate the energy resolution.The results of this study reveal an energy resolution of 2.95% at 1 Mev.Furthermore,this study assesses the contribution of major effects to the overall energy resolution budget.This analysis serves as a reference for interpreting future measurements of energy resolution during JUNO data collection.Moreover,it provides a guideline for comprehending the energy resolution characteristics of liquid scintillator-based detectors.
基金Supported by the Chinese Academy of Sciences,the National Key R&D Program of Chinathe CAS Center for Excellence in Particle Physics,Wuyi University,and the TsungDao Lee Institute of Shanghai Jiao Tong University in China+3 种基金the Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique de Particules(IN2P3)in Francethe Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare(INFN)in Italy,the Italian-Chinese collaborative research program MAECI-NSFC,the Fond de la Recherche Scientifique(F.R.S-FNRS)and FWO under the“Excellence of Science–EOS”in Belgium,the Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient´ıfico e Tecnol`ogico in Brazil,the Agencia Nacional de Investigacion y Desarrollo and ANID-Millennium Science Initiative Program-ICN2019_044 in Chilethe Charles University Research Centre and the Ministry of Education,Youth,and Sports in Czech Republic,the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft(DFG)the Helmholtz Association,and the Cluster of Excellence PRISMA+in Germany,the Joint Institute of Nuclear Research(JINR)and Lomonosov Moscow State University in Russia,the joint Russian Science Foundation(RSF)and National Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC)research program,the MOST and MOE in Taiwan,China,the Chulalongkorn University and Suranaree University of Technology in Thailand,University of California at Irvine and the National Science Foundation in the US。
文摘The Jiangmen Underground Neutrino Observatory(JUNO)is a multi-purpose neutrino experiment under construction in South China.This paper presents an updated estimate of JUNO’s sensitivity to neutrino mass ordering using the reactor antineutrinos emitted from eight nuclear reactor cores in the Taishan and Yangjiang nuclear power plants.This measurement is planned by studying the fine interference pattern caused by quasi-vacuum oscillations in the oscillated antineutrino spectrum at a baseline of 52.5 km and is completely independent of the CP violating phase and neutrino mixing angleθ_(23).The sensitivity is obtained through a joint analysis of JUNO and Taishan Antineutrino Observatory(TAO)detectors utilizing the best available knowledge to date about the location and overburden of the JUNO experimental site,local and global nuclear reactors,JUNO and TAO detector responses,expected event rates and spectra of signals and backgrounds,and systematic uncertainties of analysis inputs.We find that a 3σmedian sensitivity to reject the wrong mass ordering hypothesis can be reached with an exposure of about 6.5 years×26.6 GW thermal power.
基金supported by the Chinese Academy of Sciencesthe National Key R&D Program of China+22 种基金the CAS Center for Excellence in Particle PhysicsWuyi Universitythe Tsung-Dao Lee Institute of Shanghai Jiao Tong University in Chinathe Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique de Particules (IN2P3) in Francethe Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare (INFN) in Italythe Italian-Chinese collaborative research program MAECI-NSFCthe Fond de la Recherche Scientifique (F.R.S-FNRS)FWO under the "Excellence of Science-EOS" in Belgiumthe Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnològico in Brazilthe Agencia Nacional de Investigacion y Desarrollo in Chilethe Charles University Research Centrethe Ministry of Education,Youth,and Sports in Czech Republicthe Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG)the Helmholtz Associationthe Cluster of Excellence PRISMA+ in Germanythe Joint Institute of Nuclear Research (JINR)Lomonosov Moscow State University in Russiathe joint Russian Science Foundation (RSF)National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC) research programthe MOST and MOE in Taiwan,Chinathe Chulalongkorn UniversitySuranaree University of Technology in Thailandthe University of California at Irvine in USA
文摘The Jiangmen Underground Neutrino Observatory(JUNO)is a large liquid scintillator detector designed to explore many topics in fundamental physics.In this study,the potential of searching for proton decay in the p→νK^(+)mode with JUNO is investigated.The kaon and its decay particles feature a clear three-fold coincidence signature that results in a high efficiency for identification.Moreover,the excellent energy resolution of JUNO permits suppression of the sizable background caused by other delayed signals.Based on these advantages,the detection efficiency for the proton decay via p→νK^(+)is 36.9%±4.9%with a background level of 0.2±0.05(syst)±0.2(stat)events after 10 years of data collection.The estimated sensitivity based on 200 kton-years of exposure is 9.6×1033 years,which is competitive with the current best limits on the proton lifetime in this channel and complements the use of different detection technologies.
基金Supported by the Chinese Academy of Sciencesthe National Key R&D Program of China+18 种基金the CAS Center for Excellence in Particle Physics,Wuyi Universitythe Tsung-Dao Lee Institute of Shanghai Jiao Tong University in Chinathe Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique de Particules(IN2P3)in Francethe Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare(INFN)in Italythe Italian-Chinese collaborative research program MAECI-NSFCthe Fond de la Recherche Scientifique(F.R.S-FNRS)FWO under the“Excellence of Science-EOS in Belgium”the Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnològico in Brazilthe Agencia Nacional de Investigacion y Desarrollo and ANID-Millennium Science Initiative Program-ICN2019_044 in Chilethe Charles University Research Centre and the Ministry of Education,Youth,and Sports in Czech Republicthe Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft(DFG)the Helmholtz Associationthe Cluster of Excellence PRISMA+in Germanythe Joint Institute of Nuclear Research(JINR)and Lomonosov Moscow State University in Russiathe joint Russian Science Foundation(RSF)National Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC)research programthe MOST and MOE in Taiwanthe Chulalongkorn University and Suranaree University of Technology in Thailand,University of California at Irvinethe National Science Foundation in USA。
文摘JUNO is a multi-purpose neutrino observatory under construction in the south of China.This publication presents new sensitivity estimates for the measurement of the △m_(31)^(2),△m_(21)^(2),sin^(2)θ_(12),and sin^(2)θ_(13) oscillation parameters using reactor antineutrinos,which is one of the primary physics goals of the experiment.The sensitivities are obtained using the best knowledge available to date on the location and overburden of the experimental site,the nuclear reactors in the surrounding area and beyond,the detector response uncertainties,and the reactor antineutrino spectral shape constraints expected from the TAO satellite detector.It is found that the △m_(21)^(2) and sin^(2)θ_(12) oscillation parameters will be determined to 0.5%precision or better in six years of data collection.In the same period,the △m_(31)^(2) parameter will be determined to about 0.2%precision for each mass ordering hypothesis.The new precision represents approximately an order of magnitude improvement over existing constraints for these three parameters.
