摘要
Electrocatalytic urea synthesis,as an emerging carbon-neutral technology,aims to directly synthesize urea from CO_(2) and NO_(3)−under mild conditions,which is of great significance for achieving sustainable energy development and environmental governance.However,its large-scale application is restricted by competitive side reactions,low C-N coupling efficiency and an unclear reaction mechanism.Various metal catalysts have been developed and extensively studied to address these challenges.Cu-based catalysts have demonstrated great potential in this field due to their unique electronic structure,adjustable valence states,and excellent coupling ability for key reaction intermediates.This review systematically summarizes the research progress of Cu-based catalysts in electrocatalytic urea synthesis in recent years,and elaborates on the basic reaction mechanism of urea electrosynthesis.Furthermore,the modification strategies of different Cu-based catalysts are discussed in detail.Through in situ characterization and theoretical calculation,the influence rules of the intermediates produced during the reaction on the C-N coupling efficiency and selectivity are deeply analyzed.Finally,in view of the current challenges in this field,such as the need to improve Faraday efficiency and yield,this review offers guidance for the design of the next generation of high-performance urea electrosynthesis catalysts.
基金
supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(52272222)
Taishan Scholar Young Talent Program(tsqn201909114 and tsqn201909123)
University Youth Innovation Team of Shandong Province(202201010318).
