摘要
Singular spin-nematic vortices are unique topological excitations in spin-orbit-coupled spin-1 Bose–Einstein condensates.However,dynamically generating them in harmonic traps requires excessive Raman coupling to overcome the high energy cost of creating a density-depleted core.We demonstrate that a toroidal trapping potential naturally resolves this geometric mismatch.By accommodating the vortex core,the toroidal geometry lowers the formation threshold by∼50%and significantly broadens the stable phase boundary.
基金
supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.12547184,12033007,12103058,12203058,and 12074309)。
