摘要
地(市)是劳动力迁移决策和就业地选择的基础地理单元,然而既有研究对劳动力迁移格局及机制的分析多聚焦省际尺度,缺少对市际迁移的关注。在劳动力技能异质性视角下,基于2020年第七次全国人口普查数据构建高技能和普通技能劳动力市际迁移网络,运用复杂网络分析方法与泊松伪极大似然估计引力模型对2015—2020年中国劳动力市际迁移网络结构特征和驱动因素展开研究。研究发现:①两类劳动力迁移规模存在差异,但均以东部沿海经济发达地区和中西部门户城市为主要迁入地,内陆中小城市为主要迁出地。在大城市(Ⅰ型、Ⅱ型),两类劳动力迁移规模分化明显,但在其余城市规模表现相似,且均呈现沿海城市群迁入、内陆城市群迁出的特征。②高技能劳动力迁移网络结构更具多样性,社区结构表现出纬向流动为主特征,自北向南突破“博台线”;普通技能劳动力迁移网络分割特征更明显,迁移沿长江经济带展开,表现出经向流动为主特征。两类劳动力迁移在次级社区结构中均受省级行政边界影响。③梯度分化、就业容量、区域引导、地方品质和交通结构等因素在驱动两类劳动力迁移格局中扮演重要角色。
Prefecture-level cities serve as the fundamental geographical units for labor migration decision-making and employment location choices.However,existing studies on migration patterns and mechanisms predominately focus on interprovincial scales,neglecting intercity migration.From the perspective of labor skill heterogeneity and based on data from the Seventh National Population Census(2020),this study constructs intercity migration networks for highly-and general-skilled labor.Using complex network analysis methods and a Poisson Pseudo-Maximum Likelihood gravity model,we examine the structural characteristics and driving factors of China's intercity labor migration networks from 2015 to 2020.The findings are as follows:①Two types of labor exhibit differences in migration scale,both primarily migrate,on one hand,to economically developed regions along to the eastern coast,and on the other,to gateway cities in the central and western regions,with inland small and medium-sized cities being the main places of origin.In large cities(typeⅠ&Ⅱ),the migration scales of the two types of labor diverge significantly,but in other city scales,they show similarities,both exhibiting a tendency to migrate toward coastal city clusters and away from inland ones.②The migration network structure of highly-skilled labor is more heterogeneous,with community structures charact-erized by predominantly zonal flow,breaking through the“Bole-Taipei Line”from north to south;the migration network of general-skilled labor is more fragmented,with migration unfolding along the Yangtze River Economic Belt and characterized by predominantly meridional flow.Both types of labor are shaped by provincial administrative boundaries in secondary community structures.③Hierarchical differentiation,employment opportunities,regional guidance,quality of place,and transportation network structure play critical roles in shaping the migration patterns of both labor groups.
作者
张亮
古恒宇
林瑶
张雨婷
ZHANG Liang;GU Hengyu;LIN Yao;ZHANG Yuting(School of Geography and Ocean Science,Nanjing University,Nanjing 210023,China)
出处
《地理研究》
2026年第4期1029-1046,共18页
Geographical Research
基金
国家自然科学基金项目(42301278)
教育部人文社会科学研究一般项目(23YJC790032)
中国科协青年人才托举工程(2023QNRC001)。
