摘要
Urban dust contributes to air pollution,leading to allergies and airway inflammation.Herbal plants,such as Oroxylum indicum(Phe Kaa),are increasingly being explored for their immunomodulatory potential.This study investigated the chemical composition and anti-inflammatory properties of O.indicum,with a focus on the impact of traditional Thai grilling methods on flavonoid content.High-performance liquid chromatography(HPLC)was used to analyze flavonoid glycosides and aglycones.The HPLC analysis revealed increased levels of aglycone flavonoids(oroxylin A,chrysin,baicalein)in grilled fruits,with the highest total flavonoid content found in the seeds.Anti-inflammatory effects were assessed through nitric oxide(NO)inhibition,cell viability assays,and the expression of inflammatory genes in RAW 264.7 macrophages stimulated with lipopolysaccharide(LPS)and urban dust.O.indicum extracts,particularly from grilled fruits,demonstrated dose-dependent NO inhibition and significantly reduced inflammatory gene expression,including inducible nitric oxide synthase(iNOS),cyclooxygenase-2(COX-2),interleukin-1β(IL-1β),interleukin-6(IL-6),tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α),and 5-lipoxygenase(5-LOX).These findings suggest that O.indicum,especially its grilled fruits,may serve as a promising anti-inflammatory supplement for managing chronic inflammation and pollution-induced respiratory issues.However,further in vivo studies are recommended to confirm these findings.
基金
supported by the Fundamental Fund(FF)of Khon Kaen University under the National Science,Research,and Innovation Fund(NSRF),Thailand.
