摘要
This paper classifies the digital economy into pervasive and substitutive types.Within a multi-sector competitive equilibrium resource allocation framework,it mathematically derives the nuanced effects of the digital economy on labor reallocation.Furthermore,it employs a Double Machine Learning(DML)approach to empirically examine the heterogeneous effects and underlying mechanisms through which the digital economy influences labor misallocation.The results reveal two distinct reallocation effects.The pervasive digital economy exacerbates labor misallocation,whereas the substitutive digital economy alleviates it.Mechanism analysis shows that the pervasive type intensifies labor misallocation by inhibiting technological innovation and lowering the labor skill premium,while the substitutive type alleviates labor misallocation by promoting technological innovation and increasing the skill premium.Heterogeneity analysis indicates that these effects are more pronounced in southeastern coastal cities than in northwestern inland cities.Moreover,the pervasive digital economy generates stronger distortion effects under conditions of capital under-allocation,whereas the substitutive type exhibits greater optimization effects under capital over-allocation.These findings suggest that policy interventions should balance the substitution and integration effects of data elements,leverage digital integration to enhance labor factor market efficiency,and strengthen institutional protections for labor rights to mitigate the disruptive impacts of digital transformation.
基金
supported by the National Social Science Fund of China Major Project,“Research on the Application of Big Data Methods in Macroeconomic Forecasting”(Grant No.23&ZD075).
