摘要
系统性生态环境风险发生发展机制复杂、防控难度大,是国家生态环境安全领域的重大需求,也是当前国际环境科学与工程研究的前沿挑战。在此背景下,国家自然科学基金委员会组织召开了第395期双清论坛“系统性生态环境风险控制基础科学问题与对策”,围绕系统性生态环境风险的发生发展机理与耦合驱动机制、系统性生态环境风险即时识别和精准预警理论方法、多介质多过程生态环境风险协同防控关键技术等主题开展战略研讨。基于此次论坛,本文系统梳理了当前系统性生态环境风险面临的复杂特征表征、多阶段即时预警、高效协同阻控等挑战,凝练了系统性生态环境风险表征—预警—阻控亟需解决的关键科学问题,并据此提出了以关键节点和瓶颈清单为抓手的全链条协同治理技术路径,助力推动我国环境风险系统治理能力提升,为保障国家生态环境安全发挥基础性和先导性作用。
Systemic ecological and environmental risks are characterized by complex mechanisms of occurrence and development,posing significant challenges for prevention and control.Addressing these risks represents a critical national demand for ecological and environmental security and stands at the forefront of current international research in environmental science and engineering.Against this backdrop,the National Natural Science Foundation of China convened the 395th Shuangqing Forum,titled“Fundamental Scientific Issues and Countermeasures for Controlling Systemic Ecological and Environmental Risks.”The forum facilitated strategic discussions on key themes,including the mechanisms governing the emergence and evolution of systemic risks and their coupled driving forces;theoretical frameworks and methodologies for real-time identification and precise early warning of such risks;and key technologies for coordinated prevention and control across multiple media and processes.Building upon the outcomes of this forum,this paper systematically reviews current challenges pertaining to the characterization of complex features of systemic ecological and environmental risks,multi-stage real-time early warning,and efficient coordinated containment and control.It distills the pivotal scientific questions urgently requiring resolution across the chain of risk characterization,early warning,and containment.Accordingly,the paper proposes a whole-chain collaborative governance technological pathway,leveraging lists of critical nodes and bottlenecks as key entry points.This approach aims to enhance China’s capacity for systematic governance of environmental risks and play a foundational and pioneering role in safeguarding national ecological and environmental security.
作者
杨静
吴劲
王桥
王国强
刘凯
霍守亮
Jing Yang;Jin Wu;Qiao Wang;Guoqiang Wang;Kai Liu;Shouliang Huo(Department of Engineering and Materials Sciences,National Natural Science Foundation of China,Beijing 100085,China;Advanced Interdisciplinary Institute of Satellite Applications,Beijing Normal University,Beijing 100875,China;School of National Safety and Emergency Management,Beijing Normal University,Beijing 100875,China;School of Environment,Beijing Normal University,Beijing 100875,China)
出处
《中国科学基金》
2026年第1期157-163,共7页
Bulletin of National Natural Science Foundation of China
关键词
系统性生态环境风险
风险传导
风险识别
风险感知
风险阻控
systemic ecological and environmental risk
risk transmission
risk identification
risk perception
risk prevention and control
