摘要
Introduction Carnitine plays a crucial role in energy metabolism by transporting long-chain fatty acids into mitochondria for𝛽-oxidation and removing waste metabolites.[1]Approximately 98%of the body’s total carnitine is stored in skeletal muscle,with blood serving as the transport medium.[2]Carnitine is synthesized in the liver and kidneys from lysine and methionine,but endogenous production is limited.The body preserves carnitine levels through renal reabsorption and stores in organs such as skeletal muscles,the liver,kidneys,and heart.[3]However,carnitine deficiency is prevalent in approximately 95%of hemodialysis patients due to extracorporeal loss during dialysis and impaired renal synthesis.[4]L-carnitine replacement therapy can mitigate complications,including cardiac issues,anemia,and muscle weakness.
