摘要
本文以网络热词“斩杀线”为切入点,剖析关于美国研究范式转型的契机。长期以来,以“美国梦”为核心的宏大叙事构成了美国软实力的基石,传统美国研究存在重宏大叙事轻生活细节、重静态结构轻动态过程等局限,主流研究范式存在价值预设、脱离现实等问题,难以触及美国社会的真实运行逻辑。“斩杀线”议题的兴起形成了有效的议题设置,能够引导学界对美国社会结构开启新的研究视角。美国新冠疫情期间出现的“低人权优势”概念成为大众对美国认知的分水岭,而“斩杀线”与“爱丽丝线”形成呼应,精准揭示了美国社会“兜底”机制缺失、中产及底层群体生存脆弱性的现实。“斩杀线”呼应了贫困社会学的实证传统,推动美国研究从“宏大叙事”向“具象化实证”、从“价值预设”向“事实呈现”转变。通过引入人类学和民族志的研究方法,研究者将美国置于区域国别研究框架下,有助于消除长期以来美国的“普世论”或“例外论”的固化模式,客观分析美国社会的复杂现实与制度缺陷,从而构建更加科学的美国研究体系。
This article takes the Internet buzzword“kill line”(survival threshold)as the starting point to analyze the opportunity for paradigm shift in American research.For a long time,the grand narrative centered around the“American Dream”forms the cornerstone of US soft power.Traditional American research has limitations such as emphasizing grand narratives over life details,focusing on static structures over dynamic processes.The mainstream research paradigm suffers from problems such as value assumptions and detachment from reality,making it difficult to touch upon the true operational logic of American society.The rise of the“kill line”issue has formed an effective“issue setting”that can guide the academic community to open up new research perspectives on the social structure of the United States.This shift,underscored by the“low human rights advantage”concept observed during the COVID-19 pandemic,represents a watershed in public and academic perception.By echoing the“ALICE Line”(Asset Limited,Income Constrained,Employed),the“kill line”concept exposes the absence of a reliable social safety net and the fragility of the middle and lower classes.Consequently,the“kill line”echoes the empirical tradition of poverty sociology,promoting the transformation of American research from“grand narrative”to“concrete empirical evidence”,and from“value presupposition”to“factual presentation”.By integrating anthropological and ethnographic research methods,the researchers place the United States within the framework of regional and country studies,which helps to eliminate the rigid model of“universalism”or“exceptionalism”in the United States for a long time,objectively analyze the complex reality and institutional deficiencies of American society,and thus construct a more scientific research system for the United States.
出处
《天府新论》
2026年第2期20-27,153,共9页
New Horizons from Tianfu
