摘要
工业控制系统(ICS)作为关键基础设施的核心支撑,其数字化、网络化转型推动了开源软件的广泛应用。开源软件以低成本、高灵活性、可定制化等优势成为ICS功能扩展与技术创新的重要载体,但代码透明性、社区治理松散、供应链复杂等特性也使其面临独特的安全风险。本文系统梳理开源软件在ICS领域的应用现状,深入剖析其面临的漏洞暴露、权限管理、供应链攻击、兼容性冲突等核心安全挑战,结合“开源特性+工业环境特殊性”,构建覆盖“软件本身—工业环境—管理流程—供应链”的“四维一体”动态风险评估模型,通过量化指标、权重分配、动态迭代实现精准风险评估,通过识别安全风险,量化风险发生概率与影响程度,划分风险等级并提供针对性的风险处置策略,支撑ICS安全防护决策。从国家战略行业治理、企业治理、社区协作与技术创新等维度,构建开源ICS软件全生命周期的安全防护综合策略。最后,展望未来开源ICS软件在安全治理、技术融合、生态构建等方面的发展趋势,为关键基础设施安全保障提供参考。
Industrial Control Systems(ICS),as the core support of critical infrastructure,have driven the widespread application of open source software through their digitalization and networking transformation.Open source software,with its advantages of low cost,high flexibility,and customizability,has become an important carrier for ICS functional expansion and technological innovation.However,characteristics such as code transparency,loose community governance,and complex supply chains also expose it to unique security risks.This paper systematically reviews the current application status of open source software in the ICS field,deeply analyzes its core security challenges such as vulnerability exposure,permission management,supply chain attacks,and compatibility conflicts.Combining"open source characteristics+industrial environment particularities",a"four-dimensional integrated"dynamic risk assessment model is constructed,which includes"software itself-industrial environment-management process-supply chain".It achieves precise risk assessment through quantitative indicators,weight allocation,and dynamic iteration.By identifying security risks,quantifying the probability and impact of risk occurrence,classifying risk levels,and providing targeted risk management strategies,it supports ICS security protection decisions.Furthermore,it discusses the comprehensive strategy for building security protection and development opportunities for open source ICS software throughout its entire lifecycle,from national strategic industry self-management corporate governance,community collaboration,technological innovation,standardization,and policy support.Finally,it looks forward to the future development trends of open source ICS software in terms of security governance,technological integration,and ecosystem construction,providing a reference for the security assurance of critical infrastructure.
作者
张向
徐全坤
邵琛越
Zhang Xiang;Xu Quankun;Shao Chenyue(South China National Centre of Metrology/Guangdong Institute of Metrology,Guangzhou 510405,China;National Metrology and Testing Center for Intelligent Control System Manufacturing Industry,Guangzhou 510405,China)
出处
《数字化转型》
2026年第3期27-38,共12页
Digital Transformation
基金
广东省市场监督管理局科技项目“智能控制系统总线协议测试方法研究与仿真验证系统研制”(项目编号:2025CJ07)。
关键词
工业控制系统
开源软件
网络安全
安全风险评估
防护策略
Industrial Control Systems
Open-Source Software
Cybersecurity
Security Risk Assessment
Protection Strategies
