摘要
数字技术的迅猛跃迁,使古旧地图数字化研究实现突破性进展,并成为历史地理学、地理信息科学与技术(GIS)、数字人文等领域共同关注的前沿议题。古旧地图数字化研究通过融合GIS、遥感(RS)、计算机视觉(CV)、机器学习(ML)与深度学习(DL)等新兴前沿技术,彰显跨学科创新潜能。数字化并非单纯的信息迁移,而是以数字手段保存珍贵的古旧地图,重构并结构化历史地理信息,实现古代地理知识与现代分析框架的无缝衔接,并为学术研究与行业应用提供高质量的数字资源。文章系统梳理并评述了国内外古旧地图数字化的演化脉络与发展趋势。首先,强调数据预处理在历史地理信息提取质量中的关键作用,并回顾其最新研究进展;接着,总结近年来古旧地图信息提取方法的革新,包括多源信息融合、矢量化处理、符号识别提取和语义分割;随后,评析了古旧地图数据库建库策略与服务模式;最后,归纳了古旧地图数字化成果的主要应用场景,进一步展望了人工智能驱动下古旧地图数字化的未来方向,并提出潜在的挑战,以期为后续研究提供新的思路与路径。
The rapid leap in digital technology has catalyzed breakthrough progress in the digitalization of ancient maps,establishing it as a frontier topic across historical geography,geographic information science(GIS),and digital humanities.By integrating emerging technologies such as GIS,remote sensing(RS),computer vision(CV),machine learning(ML),and deep learning(DL),the field demonstrates significant potential for interdisciplinary innovation.Digitalization is not merely a process of information migration;rather,it preserves precious ancient maps digitally,reconstructs and structures historical geographic information,and achieves seamless integration of ancient geographic knowledge with modern analytical frameworks.This paper systematically reviews and evaluates the evolutionary context and development trends of ancient map digitalization both domestically and internationally.First,it emphasizes the critical role of data preprocessing in the quality of historical geographic information extraction and reviews the latest research progress.Second,it summarizes recent innovations in information extraction methods,including multi-source information fusion,vectorization,symbol recognition,and semantic segmentation.Furthermore,the paper evaluates construction strategies for ancient map databases and their service models.Finally,the primary application scenarios for the results of ancient map digitalization are summarized.This study further explores future directions driven by artificial intelligence(AI)and identifies potential challenges,aiming to provide new insights and pathways for subsequent research.
作者
赵耀龙
封丹鹤
张杨
ZHAO Yaolong;FENG Danhe;ZHANG Yang(School of Geography,South China Normal University,Guangzhou 510631,China;South China Normal University-The Hong Kong Polytechnic University Joint Laboratory of Historical GIS,Guangzhou 510631,China;Faculty of Hospitality,Tourism Management,Macao University of Science and Technology,Macao 999078,China)
出处
《华南地理学报》
2025年第4期4-21,共18页
South China Geographical Journal
基金
国家社会科学基金项目(23BTQ049)。
关键词
古旧地图
数字化
历史GIS
研究现状
发展趋势
ancient map
digitization
historical GIS
research status
development trends
