摘要
外来植物入侵严重威胁青藏高原原有的生物多样性,交通走廊的建设和使用是外来入侵植物扩散的重要途径。为研究青藏高原道路建设对植物入侵影响的空间分异特征,基于全球生物多样性信息网络平台(GBIF)公民观测数据,通过在青藏高原不同海拔范围(0—2000m、2000—2500m、2500—3000m、3000—4000m、5000m及以上)道路建立多层缓冲分析条带,分析青藏高原不同海拔,路域影响范围内入侵植物物种出现记录、果实类型功能群构成及记录密度的演变规律。研究结果表明:青藏高原外来入侵植物共180种,隶属44科。高海拔地区入侵植物数量减少,平均海拔每上升1000m,入侵植物减少33种。外来入侵植物观测记录密度随着离道路距离增加呈下降趋势,在距道路3.75km处降至区域本底水平,而海拔4000m以上区域在距道路1km处就降至区域本地水平。果实类型为瘦果、蒴果、颖果、胞果、荚果的植物相较于其他果实类型,观测记录密度降至区域本底水平的距路距离更远(2.5km)。为青藏高原道路周围外来入侵物种入侵防控提供了科学依据。
Invasive alien plants seriously threaten the original biodiversity status of the Tibetan Plateau.The construction and installation of transport corridors is an important impact for the spread of invasive alien plants.This paper utilized civic observation data from Global Biodiversity Information Facility(GBIF)to explore the spatial variability characteristics associated with impacts of transport corridors on plant invasions in the Tibetan Plateau.We established multi-layer buffer analysis zones along roads at different altitude ranges(0—2000m,2000—2500m,2500—3000m,3000—4000m,and above 5000m)for the Tibetan Plateau,to analyze the evolution patterns of occurrence records,functional group composition based on fruit types,and recording density of invasive plant species within the road influence area as altitude increases.The results showed that there were 180 species of invasive alien plants belonging to 44 families on the Tibetan Plateau,Compositional analysis highlighted Asteraceae as the most dominant family(40 species,22.22%),followed by Fabaceae(21 species,11.67%),Poaceae(15 species,8.3%),and Amaranthaceae(15 species,8.3%),collectively accounting for 50.56%of the total species.Spatially,both species richness and occurrence records exhibited a decreasing trend from the southeastern to the northwestern plateau,with the highest records in Aba Tibetan and Qiang Autonomous Prefecture(1393 records)and the highest richness in Lhasa(89 species).The number of invasive plants decreased at high altitude areas,and the abundance of invasive plants decreased by 33 species for every 1000m of elevation increase.Fruit-type functional groups showed distinct altitudinal adaptations:achenes and capsules remained dominant across all elevations,while legumes showed increased relative abundance above 5000 m,likely due to their nitrogen-fixing ability adapting to harsh high-altitude environments.The distribution density of invasive plants decreased with the distance from the road.The observed density of invasive plants on the Tibetan Plateau dropped to the existing levels at 3.75km from the road,while areas above 4000 m altitude declined to existing levels at 1 km from the road,indicating compressed road influence zones at higher elevations.Plants with fruit types of achenes,capsule,caryopsis,utricle,and legume had a farther distance(2.5km)from the road when the observed density of invasive plants of other fruit types drops to the existing level,reflecting differences in dispersal strategies.This study underscores the combined effects of elevation and road networks on shaping invasive plant patterns in the Tibetan Plateau,and this study provides a scientific basis for the prevention and control of invasive alien species around roads on the Tibetan Plateau,emphasizing the need for targeted management strategies:stricter monitoring within 3.75 km of roads in low-altitude regions,focused control of achene and capsule species along transport corridors,and heightened vigilance for legumes in high-altitude areas.
作者
王小萌
李愈哲
WANG Xiaomeng;LI Yuzhe(Key Laboratory of Land Surface Pattern and Simulation,Institute of Geographic Science and Nature Resources Research,Chinese Academy of Science,Beijing 100101,China;School of Soil and Water Conservation,Beijing Forestry University,Beijing 100083,China)
出处
《生态学报》
2026年第3期1347-1357,共11页
Acta Ecologica Sinica
基金
国家重点研发计划(2022YFF0802402,2021YFD1300501)
国家自然科学基金(41971276)。
