摘要
[目的]传统竹塑复合材料力学强度低,限制了其在建筑承重、物流运输等领域的应用,针对这个问题,提出了一种竹片增强竹塑复合材料(BPBS),并对其拉伸性能及破坏特征开展研究,为推动生物质材料在塑料领域的进一步发展和应用提供理论支撑。[方法]以竹纤维增强聚丙烯复合材料为基体,竹片为增强体,通过挤出造粒、热压成型工艺制备BPBS,研究竹片层数对BPBS沿其纤维方向(顺纹)和垂直纤维(横纹)方向上的拉伸性能和破坏特征的影响规律,从力学角度揭示竹片对BPBS力学性能的提升机理。[结果]竹片对BPBS顺纹方向上的拉伸性能提升效果较好,当BPBS中竹片布置3层时,相较于竹塑复合材料,拉伸强度提高了195.4%,而横纹方向上的强度没有表现出明显的增强效果;BPBS的破坏特征与受力方向密切相关,沿顺纹、横纹方向拉伸的断裂面分别具有拉伸断裂毛刺和平整光滑特征;建立了BPBS拉伸强度的计算方法,预测单层BPBS拉伸强度最大误差为9.77%。[结论]通过设置中间层竹塑、调节竹片纤维受力方向等方式,调控BPBS结构,可抵消竹片与竹塑基体间界面相容性差所造成的强度衰减,提高复合材料的拉伸性能,降低塑料占比,实现增强材料性能并减少塑料用量的双重目标,为复合材料的实际生产加工提供理论依据和现实基础,对扩大该材料的应用领域具有重要意义。
【Objective】The low mechanical strength of traditional bamboo-plastic composite materials restricts its application in fields such as building load-bearing and logistics transportation,to solve this problem,a bamboo-reinforced bamboo-plastic composite(BPBS)was proposed,and its tensile properties and failure characteristics were studied.【Method】BPBS was prepared by extrusion granulation and hot pressing molding by extrusion granulation and hot pressing molding using bamboo fiber reinforced polypropylene composite material as matrix and bamboo chips as reinforcement.The influence of the number of bamboo layers on the tensile properties and failure characteristics of BPBS along the fiber direction(forward grain)and vertical fiber(horizontal grain)direction was studied,and the mechanism of improving the mechanical properties of BPBS from the perspective of mechanics was revealed.【Result】When BPBS bamboo slices are arranged in 3 layers,the tensile strength is increased by 195.4%compared with bamboo-plastic composites,while the strength in the horizontal direction does not show obvious enhancement effect.The failure characteristics of BPBS are closely related to the direction of force,and the fracture surface stretched along the direction of the grain and the horizontal grain has the characteristics of tensile fracture burr and flat smoothness,respectively.The maximum error of predicting the tensile strength of singlelayer BPBS is 9.77%.【Conclusion】By setting the middle layer of bamboo plastic and adjusting the stress direction of bamboo fiber,the BPBS structure can be adjusted to offset the strength attenuation caused by the poor interface compatibility between bamboo and bamboo-plastic matrix,improve the tensile properties of composite materials,reduce the proportion of plastics,and achieve the dual goals of enhancing material properties and reducing the amount of plastics,providing a theoretical basis and practical basis for the actual production and processing of composite materials,which is of great significance for expanding the application field of this material.
作者
章晨蕾
郭兴田
向思宇
桂成胜
李新功
郑霞
ZHANG Chenlei;GUO Xingtian;XIANG Siyu;GUI Chengsheng;LI Xingong;ZHENG Xia(School of Materials and Energy,Central South University of Forestry&Technology,Changsha 410004,Hunan,China;Wanhua Hexiang Group Co.,Ltd,Xinyang 464000,Henan,China;Zhejiang Shenghua Yunfeng New Material Co.,Ltd,Deqing 314200,Zhejiang,China)
出处
《中南林业科技大学学报》
2026年第1期182-189,共8页
Journal of Central South University of Forestry & Technology
基金
国家自然科学基金项目(32171882)
湖南省自然科学基金项目(2023JJ31001)
湖南省科技创新团队项目(2021RC4062)。
关键词
竹塑复合材料
竹片增强
应力-应变曲线
破坏特征
bamboo-plastic composites
bamboo reinforcement
stress-strain curve
destruction characteristics
