摘要
在中国“双碳”战略目标的背景下,燃煤电厂作为碳排放主要来源之一,对其进行碳减排至关重要。化学吸收法在众多碳捕集技术中最为成熟,在我国已有诸多示范项目。系统综述了燃煤电厂碳捕集技术的发展进程,聚焦于化工侧和热工侧两大技术路线。化工侧优化涵盖了从第1代基准吸收剂到第2代混合胺吸收剂,直至第3代相变吸收剂与离子液体等的迭代发展,介绍了新型吸收剂降低再生能耗的机制与潜力;同时概述了工业设备创新与吸收/解吸工艺优化等方式对系统能效的提升作用。热工侧优化旨在缓解碳捕集系统与燃煤机组的耦合矛盾,重点探讨了汽水系统抽汽方案优化、给水回热集成、吸收式热泵等热集成技术,以及通过引入太阳能、地热能、生物质能等可再生能源辅助供能方式,从根本上降低系统“能耗惩罚”。研究进一步指出,通过实施储液以及设置烟气旁路等灵活运行策略使碳捕集电厂兼具碳减排和深度调峰能力。在此基础上,从经济性、稳定性和灵活性等多个层面指出了化学吸收法碳捕集技术的未来发展方向。
Under the context of China’s“Dual Carbon”strategic goals,coal-fired power plants,as one of the primary sources of carbon emissions,are crucial targets for carbon reduction.Chemical absorption is the most mature among various carbon capture technologies and has been implemented in numerous demonstration projects in China.This paper aims to systematically review the development of carbon capture technologies in coal-fired power plants,focusing on two major technical pathways:the chemical side and the thermal side.Optimizations on the chemical side cover the evolutionary development from first-generation benchmark absorbents to second-generation mixed amine absorbents,and further to third-generation phase-change absorbents and ionic liquids,highlighting the mechanisms and potential of novel absorbents in reducing regeneration energy consumption.It also summarizes how innovations in industrial equipment and optimizations in absorption/desorption processes enhance system energy efficiency.On the thermal side,optimizations aim to mitigate the coupling conflicts between carbon capture systems and coal-fired units,with a focus on thermal integration technologies.These include optimizing steam extraction schemes for the water-steam system,integrating feedwater regenerative heating,employing absorption heat pumps,and incorporating renewable energy sources such as solar,geothermal,and biomass to provide auxiliary energy—thereby fundamentally reducing the system’s“energy penalty”.The study further indicates that by implementing flexible operational strategies such as solvent storage and flue gas bypass,carbon capture power plants can achieve both carbon reduction and deep peak-shaving capabilities.On this basis,this paper points out future development directions for chemical absorption-based carbon capture technology from multiple perspectives including economy,stability,and flexibility.
作者
施其能
刘海玉
张良
赵京
程珩
魏小林
SHI Qineng;LIU Haiyu;ZHANG Liang;ZHAO Jing;CHENG Heng;WEI Xiaolin(State Key Laboratory of High-Temperature Gas Dynamics,Institute of Mechanics,Chinese Academy of Science,Beijing 100190,China;College of Electrical and Power Engineering,Taiyuan University of Technology,Taiyuan 030024,China;School of Energy and Power Engineering,Xi’an Jiaotong University,Xi’an 710049,China)
出处
《洁净煤技术》
北大核心
2026年第1期92-112,共21页
Clean Coal Technology
基金
国家重点研发计划资助项目(2023YFC3905700)。
关键词
燃煤电厂
碳捕集
化学吸收法
节能优化
灵活运行
coal-fired power plant
carbon capture
chemical absorption
energy-saving optimization
flexible operation
