摘要
【目的】储罐底板在长期服役过程中因腐蚀易发生结构安全风险,传统的储罐底板检测方法存在效率低、需停罐清洗、成本高等问题,难以满足现代储罐高效、在线、大面积检测的生产需求,亟需探索一种适用于复杂工况下储罐底板的高灵敏度、高分辨率、远距离检测方法。【方法】将SH0剪切模态导波与频域合成孔径聚焦技术(Synthetic Aperture Focusing Technique,SAFT)相结合,建立了一种无损检测成像新方法:利用自主研发的磁致伸缩剪切导波换能器激励非频散、低衰减的SH0导波,并创新性地引入频域SAFT进行信号处理与成像重构。通过建立厚度为12 mm钢板的Lamb波与SH0导波频散特性对比模型,明确SH0导波在64 kHz、128 kHz等频段激励下具有优异的传播稳定性与抗干扰能力。在此基础上,构建包含激励设计、信号采集、频域补偿及SAFT成像的检测流程。【结果】选取长度为8000 mm的真实储罐底板样板开展试验验证,分别采用64 kHz、128 kHz换能器进行扫查,结果表明所建检测方法展现出优异性能:64 kHz的低频SH0导波可有效识别2550 mm处等效横截面损失0.82%的缺陷,128 kHz的高频SH0导波成功检测出近场区等效横截面损失0.32%~0.59%的小尺寸缺陷。将SH0导波与频域SAFT深度融合,显著提升了储罐底板缺陷成像分辨率与可靠性。【结论】新建方法在液体环境下表现更优,且计算效率更高,为储罐底板提供了不停罐检测的新途径,并对桥梁、船舶、压力容器等大型板状结构的安全监测具有重要借鉴意义。
[Objective]During long-term service,storage tank floors face structural safety risks from corrosion.Traditional detection methods suffer from low efficiency,require tank shutdowns for cleaning,and incur high costs,which fail to satisfy the production requirement for efficient,online,and large-area inspection of modern tanks.Thus,there is an urgent need to develop a high-sensitivity,highresolution,and long-distance detection method suitable for complex operating conditions.[Methods]A novel non-destructive testing and imaging method was established by integrating SH0 guided waves with the frequency-domain Synthetic Aperture Focusing Technique(SAFT).Non-dispersive,low-attenuation SH0 guided waves were excited using a self-developed magnetostrictive shear guided-wave transducer,and frequency-domain SAFT was innovatively introduced for signal processing and imaging reconstruction.By comparing the dispersion characteristics of Lamb waves and SH0 guided waves in a 12-mm-thick steel plate,the superior propagation stability and antiinterference capability of SH0 guided waves at frequencies(64 kHz and 128 kHz)were confirmed.Based on these findings,a detection process encompassing excitation design,signal acquisition,frequency-domain compensation,and SAFT imaging was constructed.[Results]Experimental verification was conducted on an 8,000 mm-long storage tank floor sample using transducers at 64 kHz and 128 kHz.The established detection method demonstrated excellent performance:64 kHz low-frequency SH0 guided waves effectively identified defects with a 0.82%equivalent cross-sectional loss at 2,550 mm,while 128 kHz high-frequency SH0 guided waves detected small defects with 0.32%–0.59%loss in the near field.The integration of SH0 guided waves with frequency-domain SAFT significantly enhanced defect imaging resolution and reliability.[Conclusion]The new method demonstrates superior performance in liquid environments and greater computational efficiency.It offers a novel solution for non-shutdown detection of storage tank floors and serves as a valuable reference for safety monitoring of large plate-type structures such as bridges,ships,and pressure vessels.
作者
李关
刘保余
吕福在
LI Guan;LIU Baoyu;LYU Fuzai(PipeChina Pipeline Technology Development Co.,Ltd.;State Key Laboratory of Fluid Power&Mechatronic Systems,Zhejiang University)
出处
《油气储运》
2026年第1期78-84,共7页
Oil & Gas Storage and Transportation
关键词
储罐底板
缺陷
超声导波
SH0导波
频域SAFT
成像
磁致伸缩
无损检测
tank floor
defect
ultrasonic guided wave
SH0 guided wave
frequency-domain SAFT
imaging
magnetostriction
nondestructive testing
