摘要
为解决传统色卡中单一颜色与带有纹理特征的真实织物颜色之间的视觉差异问题,采用数字图像处理的方法,在Lab颜色空间中,通过减去灰度平均值调整织物亮度并添加指定颜色值,得到具有纹理特征的织物数字色卡。首先分析了扫描时织物颜色对纹理的影响,接着从色差和纹理相似度2个方面对制作的数字纹理色卡进行客观评价。实验结果表明,该方法制作的纹理色卡的色差均值均小于1.0,色差在可接受的范围内;基于直方图的纹理色卡余弦相似度均值均大于0.90,纹理色卡在颜色的分布上与原织物图像具有较高的相似性;扫描织物图像的平均亮度越高,能量和相关性越高,熵和对比度越低,对应的织物纹理色卡结构相似度值低,纹理相似度较差,纹理越平滑。人眼视觉评价结果与客观评价结果基本一致,纹理色卡制作效果较好。本研究方法可基于已有织物样品生成不同颜色的数字纹理色卡。
Objective In the textile and apparel industry,color cards are an important communication tool between design and production.However,traditional color cards fail to represent color of textured fabrics accurately,leading to visual discrepancies between standard colors and actual fabric appearances.In order to tackle the visual difference between a single color in the traditional color card and the real fabric color with texture features,this study aims to develop a digital texture color card by fusing texture templates with specified color values through a novel algorithm.Method In the Lab color space,an algorithm of digital texture color card was proposed to adjust fabric brightness by subtracting the average gray value of L channel and superimposing the target color value of color channel.An Epson Perfection V19 scanner was used to capture fabric images at 1200 dpi,and the images were then de-noised using median filter and geometrically corrected by fast Fourier transform and Hough transform to obtain the texture template.According to the texture color card algorithm,fabric digital texture color cards were made and human visual perception experiments designed.The influence of fabric color on texture during scanning was analyzed,and the digital texture color card was evaluated from two aspects,i.e.color difference and texture similarity.Results Four fabric images of different colors and the same texture structure were collected by using the scanner,numbered 1 to 4 according to the brightness of the fabric from low to high,and the related image processing and texture color cards were completed in MatLab R2023b.As the brightness of the fabric increases,the distribution range of gray values decreases.It was found that the gray histogram of fabrics 1 to 3 was high in the middle and low on both sides.For fabric 4,due to its high brightness,its gray histogram showed a left-low and right-high trend indicating its detail texture is not clearly visible in the scanned images.By calculating the gray co-occurrence matrix and related mean values in the four directions of the fabric,it was concluded that with the increase of fabric brightness,the energy and correlation increase,and the texture rules were uniform and the directionality was obvious.Under the above conditions,the entropy and contrast were reduced,the scanning texture was more regular,the image appeared smoother,and the texture change was not significant.CIEDE2000 color difference formula was used to calculate the color difference between the texture color card and the original fabric image to evaluate the color proximity.The results showed that the mean value of CIEDE2000ΔE between the texture color card and the original fabric was between 0.05 and 0.69,and the color difference was small.In order to verify the rationality of the method of making the texture color card,histogram cosine similarity(HCS)and structural similarity(SSIM)were used to verify the similarity between the texture color card and the scanned fabric image.The results exhibited that the mean value of texture color card HCS was above 0.90,and the similarity of color distribution was high.From the perspective of structure,the mean value of SSIM of fabrisc 1,2 and 3 exceeded 0.8 and the texture similarity was high,while the mean value of SSIM of fabric 4 was low and the standard deviation was high relatively.This method is suitable for making fabric texture color cards with moderate brightness.In the experiment of human visual evaluation,the means of subjective scores were distributed in the range of 0.23 to 0.83,corresponding to the perceived level of visual difference ranging from"no difference"to"barely perceptible difference".Futhermore,the results of subjective evaluation were highly consistent with those of objective evaluation.Conclusion According to the texture color card algorithm,a fabric digital color card with texture features is made to realize the presentation of different colors on the texture.It is found by scanning fabric samples with different texture images and different brightness.The higher the brightness,the smoother the scanned texture.The color difference of the texture color card is small,and the color value is consistent with the scanned image.The mean values of HCS are close to 1,and the color distribution is similar.For texture color cards with medium brightness values,SSIM mean values are above 0.8,and texture similarity is high.The results achieved high fidelity(HCS>0.90,SSIM>0.80)for test samples,demonstrating robustness for medium-brightness woven fabrics.Fabrics with extreme brightness deviations(overly high or low)should be paired with texture templates of comparable brightness levels.In the subjective evaluation,texture affects the visual perception of color.The cosine similarity index based on HCS histogram is closer to the visual characteristics of human eyes in the evaluation of texture perception.This method is currently suitable for medium-brightness fabrics.In the future,we will focus on optimizing the algorithm to improve the color visual effect with a wider range which is expected to be suitable for fabrics with different color and texture,and create a digital database of fabric texture color cards.
作者
张子悦
江红霞
刘基宏
ZHANG Ziyue;JIANG Hongxia;LIU Jihong(College of Textile Science and Engineering,Jiangnan University,Wuxi,Jiangsu 214122,China;College of Digital Technology and Creative Design,Jiangnan University,Wuxi,Jiangsu 214122,China)
出处
《纺织学报》
北大核心
2025年第10期167-175,共9页
Journal of Textile Research
基金
江苏省产学研第一批合作项目(BY2022092)。
关键词
纹理特征
数字纹理色卡
图像处理
机织物
色差
纹理相似度
texture feature
digital texture color card
image processing
woven fabric
color difference
texture similarity
