摘要
为探究有机肥等氮替代化肥对补充耕地有机碳库及其组分和水稻产量的影响,通过4年(2019—2022年)田间定位试验,设置5个处理:不施氮(N)肥(DM0)、化肥单施(100%化肥N,DM1)、40%鸡粪肥N+60%化肥N(DM2)、40%蚯蚓粪肥N+60%化肥N(DM3)、40%菜籽饼肥N+60%化肥N(DM4)。结果表明:(1)有机肥等氮替代较DM1处理提高水稻平均产量5.05%~9.83%;其中,DM3和DM4处理的增产效果显著优于DM2处理,增幅达4.03%~4.54%;(2)有机肥等氮替代改善土壤理化性质,降低土壤容重0.05~0.18 g/cm^(3),提升pH值0.22~0.33,提升土壤有机碳(SOC,6.92%~24.62%)、全氮(TN,10.00%~32.22%)、碱解氮(AN,15.78%~22.49%)、有效磷(AP,7.45%~13.72%)、速效钾(AK,8.92%~25.14%)含量;(3)土壤碳库组分中,显著积累可溶性有机碳(DOC,13.07%~31.26%)、易氧化有机碳(ROC,47.68%~71.68%)、颗粒有机碳(POC,57.89%~133.33%)及微生物量碳(MBC,7.96%~131.76%)含量。腐殖质组分胡敏酸(HA,11.59%~18.75%)、胡敏素(HUM,13.13%~20.37%)含量及总量(HDM,18.03%~24.75%)同步增加。随机森林模型分析表明,SOC(贡献率7.77%)、TN(7.65%)、DOC(6.81%)、POC(5.12%)、AN(5.00%)、AP(4.50%)、ROC(4.23%)、AK(4.16%)是产量提升的关键驱动因子。综上所述,40%有机氮替代通过优化土壤理化性质并扩增活性碳库,提高了水稻产量,其中蚯蚓粪与菜籽饼的综合改良效果更优,为补充耕地地力与农业碳中和提供了科学依据。
To elucidate the regulatory mechanisms of organic fertilizer substitution for chemical fertilizer on soil organic carbon pools,their components,and rice yield in reclaimed farmland,a four-year(2019—2022)field positioning experiment was conducted with five treatments:no nitrogen(N)fertilizer(DM0),chemical fertilizer alone(100%chemical N,DM1),40%chicken manure N+60%chemical fertilizer N(DM2),40%vermicompost N+60%chemical fertilizer N(DM3)and 40%rapeseed cake N+60%chemical fertilizer N(DM4).The results showed that:(1)Organic N substitution treatments increased rice yield by 5.05%-9.83%,compared to DM1 treatment.Among the treatments,DM3 and DM4 treatments significantly outperformed DM2 treatment,with yield increases of 4.03%-4.54%.(2)Organic N substitution improved soil physicochemical properties:soil bulk density decreased by 0.05-0.18 g/cm^(3),pH increased by 0.22-0.33 units,and the contents of soil organic carbon(SOC),total nitrogen(TN),alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen(AN),available phosphorus(AP)and available potassium(AK)were significantly increased by 6.92%-24.62%,10.00%-32.22%,15.78%-22.49%,7.45%-13.72%and 8.92%-25.14%,respectively.(3)In terms of soil carbon pool components,significant accumulation was observed in dissolved organic carbon(DOC),readily oxidizable organic carbon(ROC),particulate organic carbon(POC)and microbial biomass carbon(MBC),which increased by 13.07%-31.26%,47.68%-71.68%,57.89%-133.33%and 7.96%-131.76%,respectively.Humic acid(HA),humin(HUM)and total humus(HDM)were also increased significantly by 11.59%-18.75%,13.13%-20.37%and 18.03%-24.75%,respectively.Random forest model analysis revealed that SOC,TN,DOC,POC,AN,AP,ROC and AK were the key driving factors for yield improvement,with contribution rate of 7.77%,7.65%,6.81%,5.12%,5.00%,4.50%,4.23%and 4.16%,respectively.In conclusion,40%organic N substitution optimized soil physicochemical properties and expanded the active carbon pool,thereby increasing rice yield.Among the organic fertilizers,vermicompost and rapeseed cake demonstrated superior comprehensive improvement effects,providing a scientific basis for enhancing soil fertility and achieving agricultural carbon neutrality in reclaimed farmland.
作者
赵先龙
柴帅
张欢
李天鹏
毛伟
杨洪建
赵海涛
居静
ZHAO Xian-long;CHAI Shuai;ZHANG Huan;LI Tian-peng;MAO Wei;YANG Hong-jian;ZHAO Hai-tao;JU Jing(College of Environmental Science and Engineering/Key Laboratory of Cultivated Land Quality Monitoring and Evaluation,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Solid Organic Waste Resource Utilization,Yangzhou University,Yangzhou Jiangsu 225127;Comprehensive Office of Gaoyou High-tech Zone Management Committee,Yangzhou Jiangsu 225652;Yangzhou Station of Farmland Quality Protection,Yangzhou Jiangsu 225101;Agricultural Technology Extension Station of Jiangsu Province,Nanjing Jiangsu 210036;Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology,Agricultural College of Yangzhou University,Yangzhou Jiangsu 225009)
出处
《中国土壤与肥料》
北大核心
2025年第9期81-90,共10页
Soil and Fertilizer Sciences in China
基金
国家重点研发计划项目(2024YFD2300302)
江苏省作物遗传生理重点实验室开放课题(YCSL202105)
江苏现代农业产业技术体系建设项目JATS〔2023〕321。
关键词
有机肥等氮替代
补充耕地
土壤有机碳
水稻产量
土壤肥力
combined application of organic fertilizer and chemical fertilizer
reclaimed arable land
soil organic carbon
rice grain yield
soil fertility
