摘要
近年来,豇豆质量安全状况不容忽视,主要存在农药残留和重金属两方面的污染。在农药残留方面,影响其质量安全的风险因子包括违规使用禁限用农药、常规农药超限量使用和多残留共存;在重金属方面,传统的重金属元素是影响其质量安全的风险因子之一,有益微量元素含量过高也会影响其质量安全。为了全面提高豇豆的质量安全水平,在生产中要探明各种危害因子产生的主要环节,分析其关键控制点,在豇豆生产过程中对各种风险因子的关键控制点进行有效控制。通过分析,揭示了豇豆中农药残留半衰期与自身代谢量及豇豆干物质累积量之间的关系、豇豆器官的生长时长与重金属累积量之间的关系,据此提示豇豆生产中,要根据豇豆的病虫害发生规律适时施药,根据农药在豇豆体内的半衰期精准施药,根据豇豆的生长阶段匹配施用合适安全间隔期的农药,以控制豇豆产品的农药残留;并加强产前产地的选择,根据产地重金属的检出情况,有针对地选择种植重金属低累积的豇豆品种,以控制豇豆产品的重金属残留。
In recent years,the quality and safety of cowpeas has drawn significant attention,primarily due to contamination issues related to pesticide residues and heavy metals.In terms of pesticide residues,the key risk factors affecting their quality and safety include the illegal use of banned or restricted pesticides,excessive use of conventional pesticides,and the coexistent of multiple residues.Regarding heavy metals,traditional heavy metal elements are one of the risk factors affecting their quality and safety,while excessively high levels of beneficial trace elements in the human body can also affect their quality and safety.In order to comprehensively improve the quality and safety level of cowpea,it is essential to identify the primary sources of various hazards during production,analyze their key control points,and implement effective measures to manage these risk factors.Through analysis,the relationship between the half-life of pesticide residues in cowpea and its own metabolic amount,as well as the relationship between the growth duration of cowpea organs and the accumulation of heavy metals,have been revealed.This suggests that during cowpea production,pesticides should be applied in a timely manner according to the occurrence patterns of pests and diseases,and precisely applied according to the half-life of pesticides within the plant to control pesticide residues in the cowpea products.Furthermore,the selection of production sites should be strengthened,and based on the detection of heavy metals in production sites,targeted selection of cowpea varieties with low accumulation of heavy metals should be made to control heavy metal residues in cowpea products.
作者
罗俊霞
郭志刚
申战宾
段鹿梅
李艳珍
豆志培
张启成
赵建波
苏鹤
介领军
刘燕敏
LUO Junxia;GUO Zhigang;SHEN Zhanbin;DUAN Lumei;LI Yanzhen;DOU Zhipei;ZHNAG Qicheng;ZHAO Jianbo;SU He;JIE Lingjun;LIU Yanmin(Zhengzhou Product Quality Testing and Distribution Center,Zhengzhou 450006,Henan,China;Qixian Agriculture and Rural Bureau,Qixian 475200,Henan,China;Kaifeng Product Quality Testing and Distribution Center,Kaifeng 475000,Henan,China;Zhengzhou Agricultural Technology Extension Centre,Zhengzhou 450002,Henan,China;Henan Provincial Economic Crop Promotion Station,Zhengzhou 450002,Henan,China)
出处
《中国瓜菜》
北大核心
2025年第10期9-17,共9页
China Cucurbits And Vegetables
关键词
豇豆
重金属
农药残留
质量安全
Cowpea
Heavy metal
Pesticide residue
Quality and safety
