摘要
多糖作为天然生物大分子,其提取、纯化与结构解析技术对揭示功能机制及开发应用至关重要。文章系统综述多糖提取技术的最新进展及制约因素。传统方法虽工艺成熟,但存在效率低、结构破坏等局限;物理/生物辅助技术通过增强传质效率与选择性显著提升得率,但工艺参数优化与成本控制仍需突破;绿色溶剂技术凭借环境友好性与高提取效率成为研究热点,但其工业化应用受限于溶剂回收与毒性问题。纯化技术方面,集成化分离策略通过多组分协同分离实现高纯度多糖的高效制备,而膜分离与柱色谱技术在多糖分级中展现独特优势。未来研究需聚焦绿色工艺优化、结构-功能关联解析及智能化分析平台的构建,以推动多糖资源的精准开发与高值化利用。
As natural biomacromolecules,polysaccharides require advanced extraction,purification,and structural characterization technologies to elucidate their functional mechanisms and enable applications.This review systematically summarizes recent progress and constraints in polysaccharide extraction.Conventional methods face limitations in efficiency and structural integrity;Physical/biological-assisted techniques enhance mass transfer and selectivity but require optimization of process parameters and cost control.Green solvent technologies demonstrate environmental benefits and high efficiency,yet their industrial scalability is hindered by solvent recovery and toxicity concerns.For purification,integrated separation strategies achieve high-purity polysaccharides through multi-component separation,while membrane filtration and column chromatography show unique advantages in fractionation.Future research should prioritize green process optimization,structure-function correlation studies,and intelligent analytical platforms to advance precision utilization and value-added applications of polysaccharides.
作者
邱青璐
刘利强
谢婵媛
QIU Qinglu;LIU Liqiang;XIE Chanyuan(Hebei Tourism College,Chengde 067000;School of Life Sciences and Food Engineering,Hebei University of Engineering,Handan 056000)
出处
《食品工业》
2025年第9期163-168,共6页
The Food Industry
基金
2024年承德市可持续发展示范区专项(202404B102)。
关键词
天然多糖
提取
纯化
结构鉴定
natural polysaccharides
extraction
purification
structural identification
