摘要
在当前全球价值链主导形态的国际分工体系中,出口贸易本质上是全链中的一环。因此,出口技术含量的提升不仅受到国内经济要素的影响,还受到链条上其他环节的国际经济要素的影响,即出口技术含量提升是全链因素共同作用的结果。制度型开放通过国内制度创新与自由贸易协定的结合,能在国内国外两个层面优化经济要素,高度契合价值链分工下出口技术含量提升对经济要素的系统性需求。具体而言,制度型开放主要通过促进研发、提高进口中间品技术含量和降低交易成本等全链系统作用,推动出口技术含量的提升。基于上述理论分析,文章结合省级制度型开放水平的创新性量化评估,利用企业层面微观数据进行计量检验。结果显示,制度型开放通过研发促进效应、进口中间品技术含量提升效应和交易成本下降效应,显著提升了出口技术含量。理论机制和研究假说得到了较好的逻辑一致性验证。此外,异质性检验结果表明,制度型开放对出口产品技术含量的提升在不同细分维度、不同区域、企业是否引入外资、不同出口目的地和不同要素密集度行业中存在差异。因此,建设以提高出口产品技术含量为目标的贸易强国,需要进一步发挥制度型开放的重要作用。
With the formation of the GVC-dominated international division of labor system,export trade has become a segment of global production chains.Despite China’s massive export volume,its exports remain“large but not strong”,particularly in terms of technological sophistication.Traditional openness policies focused on commodity and factor flows may negatively affect export technological sophistication,necessitating institutional opening to enhance it.Against this backdrop,this paper examines how institutional opening affects the technological sophistication of China’s exports,clarifying how it optimizes economic factors to elevate export technological sophistication within the GVC framework.The theoretical analysis proposes that institutional opening enhances export technological sophistication through systemic effects across the entire value chain,including promoting R&D,improving the technological content of imported intermediates,and reducing transaction costs.Building on this framework and an innovative quantitative assessment of provincial-level institutional openness,this paper employs firm-level microdata for empirical testing.The results demonstrate that institutional opening significantly improves export technological sophistication.Heterogeneity analysis further reveals variations in this effect across regions,firm ownership types,export destinations,and industries.The findings offer critical policy implications:To further enhance export technological sophistication,domestic efforts should steadfastly advance institutional opening,particularly high-level financial sector liberalization,while strengthening financial regulation to facilitate corporate investment and financing;internationally,China should actively negotiate more free trade agreements(FTAs),deepen their provisions,and expand the coverage of its FTA networks.This paper has the following contributions:First,it employs Python-based machine learning and asynchronous web crawling techniques to construct a five-dimensional provincial institutional innovation index,alongside social network analysis to measure the breadth and depth of trade rule networks,innovatively quantifying institutional opening.Second,from a GVC perspective,it thoroughly analyzes the impact of institutional opening on export technological sophistication,transcending prior research limitations by theoretically exploring the alignment between institutional opening and efficient GVC operation.Third,based on theoretical and empirical analyses,it investigates how regional,industrial,and destination-market differences shape the heterogeneous effects of institutional opening on export technological sophistication,while extending policy insights for advancing institutional opening and upgrading export technological content.
作者
柯明
戴翔
Ke Ming;Dai Xiang(School of Accounting,Shandong University of Finance and Economics,Jinan 250014,China;School of Economics,Nanjing Audit Univesity,Nanjing 211815,China)
出处
《财经研究》
北大核心
2025年第8期96-109,154,共15页
Journal of Finance and Economics
基金
国家社会科学基金项目(24CJL014)
国家社会科学基金重大项目(23ZD036)。
关键词
制度型开放
制度创新
FTA网络
出口技术含量
institutional opening
institutional innovation
FTA networks
export technological sophistication
