摘要
面对全球气候危机,日本生态马克思主义学者斋藤幸平在最新的研究中提出了“马克思晚年走向了‘去增长共产主义’”这一颇有冲击力的观点,并在结合马克思晚年生态学笔记对共产主义理论进行重读的基础上阐发了“去增长共产主义”的核心特征和实现路径。斋藤幸平在一定程度上打开了“去增长”理论和共产主义理论的对话空间,丰富了马克思晚年笔记的研究。但是,他的“去增长”解读存在对马克思思想多重的误读。在历史观上,斋藤幸平认为马克思曾持线性“进步主义”历史观,对马克思早中期的思想进行了误判;在资本主义致贫问题上,他主张从“人造稀缺性”的角度重新理解资本主义的致贫机理,掩盖了资本主义的剥削本质;在共产主义实现路径上,他寄希望于进行劳动形态变革的社会自治方案,忽视了所有制这一根本问题。这些误读对马克思主义生态思想和共产主义理论构成了挑战。为厘清马克思的本意,有必要对这些误读作出澄明。
In the face of the global climate crisis,Kohei Saito,a Japanese Eco-Marxist scholar,put forward a new viewpoint that“Marx turned to‘degrowth communism’in his later years”in his latest research,and expounded the core characteristics and realization path of“degrowth communism”on the basis of re-reading the theory of communism in combination with Marxs ecological notes in his later years.To a certain extent,Kohei Saito opened the space for dialogue between the theory of“degrowth”and the theory of communism and enriched the study of Marxs notes in his later years.However,his interpretation of“degrowth”contains multiple misinterpretations of Marx’s thought.In terms of viewpoint on history,Saito Kohei believes that Marx once held a linear“progressivist”historical viewpoint,which is a misjudgment of Marxs early and middle-aged thoughts.On the issue of poverty caused by capitalism,he advocates for a re-understanding of the mechanism of poverty caused by capitalism from the perspective of“artificial scarcity”,which conceals the exploitative nature of capitalism.On the path to communism,he pinned his hopes on a program of social autonomy that would transform the form of labor,while ignoring the fundamental issue of ownership.These misinterpretations pose challenges to Marxist ecological thought and communist theory.To clarify Marxs original intention,it is necessary to clarify these misinterpretations.
作者
李素琴
LI Suqin(School of Marxism,Renmin University of China)
出处
《南京林业大学学报(人文社会科学版)》
2025年第3期84-96,共13页
Journal of Nanjing Forestry University(Humanities and Social Sciences Edition)
基金
教育部哲学社会科学研究重大专项项目“党的十九大以来习近平生态文明思想的新进展新论断新贡献研究”(2022JZDZ008)。
