摘要
鎏金银是中国古代青铜器的表面装饰工艺之一。本研究运用金相显微观察、扫描电镜及能谱分析等科技手段,对西安十里铺汉墓的7件鎏金银铜棺饰进行检测分析。实验结果表明,7件铜棺饰中除1件为锻打成型外,其余均为铸造成型。3件保存较好的铜棺饰基材为含锡量7%以下的低锡青铜,似乎说明工匠在制作鎏金银铜饰时更倾向于使用不含铅且锡含量较低的青铜基材。对鎏镀层的成分分析发现涂层中有汞的存在,结合表面与截面显微观察,证实其使用了鎏金银工艺。其表面及截面形貌特征反映了打磨,涂金,加热,抛光等加工工序。此外,本研究中有3件泡钉为先鎏金再鎏银,这一工艺现象并非个例,其原因可能是由于当时社会的审美偏好或是制作工艺的必要选择。
Fire-gilding/silvering is a traditional surface decoration technique applied to ancient Chinese bronzes.In this study,digital microscopy,metallographic microscopy,and scanning electron microscopy coupled with energy dispersive X-ray spectrometry(SEM-EDX)were used to analyze seven gilt and silvered bronze coffin ornaments unearthed from the Shilipu cemetery in Xi’an.The results indicate that among the seven ornaments,only one was formed by forging,while the rest were cast.The base materials of three well-preserved ornaments were identified as low-tin bronze with a tin content lower than 7%,suggesting that low-tin bronze may have been selected by artisans for production.The presence of mercury revealed by compositional analysis,together with the surface and cross-sectional microstructures,confirmed the use of the amalgam gilding technique.The morphological characteristics of the surfaces and cross-sections indicate that surface cleaning,application of gold or silver amalgam,heating,and final polishing might have been employed for surface decoration.Moreover,three of the samples were found to be gilt prior to being silvered.This type of decoration may have been due to aesthetic preferences of the time or technical requirements in the manufacturing process.
作者
郝娜
王焕
张全民
王全玉
HAO Na;WANG Huan;ZHANG Quanmin;WANG Quanyu(Joint International Research Laboratory of Environmental and Social Archaeology,Shandong University,Qingdao 266237,China;Shandong University Museum,Qingdao 266237,China;Xi’an Municipal Institute of Cultural Relics and Archaeology,Xi’an 710000,China)
出处
《文物保护与考古科学》
北大核心
2025年第4期50-60,共11页
Sciences of Conservation and Archaeology
关键词
鎏金
鎏银
汉代
棺饰
Gilding
Silvering
Han Dynasties
Coffin ornament
