摘要
2024年11月中国出台《能源法》,以此为契机,运用功能主义比较法和文本分析法,比较分析中国、美国和欧盟三大经济体的能源治理法律框架,探讨其在应对能源安全、气候变化与能源可负担性“三难困境”中的法律治理路径。研究发现,欧盟通过《欧洲绿色协议》等能源战略及立法整合能源战略、法律规范与绿色投资,形成系统性的“气候驱动型”能源法模式;美国则以一系列“能源政策法”为工具,融合能源战略、立法与财政激励,展示出以市场机制引导能源转型的战略灵活性。相较而言,中国新出台的《能源法》,虽然填补了能源基础性立法的空白,确立了国家主导的能源治理结构,但在能源低碳转型方面仍显原则化,缺乏与气候治理的法治衔接,不足以回应日益紧迫的气候减排挑战。剖析中美欧能源治理逻辑之后得出结论,能源法绿色低碳功能应由原则宣示走向操作规范,通过法律手段统筹战略落地与气候协同。中国未来应推动《能源法》与气候治理的实质融合,确立法定减排路径与绿色投资机制,为全球气候治理贡献结构性制度思路。
In November 2024,China enacted its new Energy Law,marking a significant milestone in its foundational energy legislation.Taking this as a starting point,this article adopts a functionalist comparative legal approach combined with textual analysis to examine and contrast the legal frameworks for energy governance of the three major economies,namely,China,the United States,and the European Union.It explores their respective legal approaches to the"energy trilemma"of ensuring energy security,addressing climate change,and maintaining energy affordability.The study finds that while China's newly enacted Energy Law fills a long-standing legislative gap in foundational energy law and establishes a state-led governance structure.However,it remains largely declarative in its approach to decarbonization and lacks substantive alignment with climate legislation,rendering it insufficient to meet mounting low-carbon transition demands.In contrast,the EU has developed a systemic"climate-driven"energy law model that integrates energy strategies,legal regulations,and green investment mechanisms under initiatives such as the European Green Deal.The United States,on the other hand,employs a series of"energy policy laws"as tools that combine strategic planning,legislative action,and fiscal incentives,thereby demonstrating a high degree of flexibility in market-driven energy transition.Upon analyzing the logic underpinning the energy governance systems of China,the EU and the Us,this study concludes that the green and low-carbon function of energy law should evolve from principle-based declarations to actionable regulatory norms and legal mechanisms should be employed to integrate strategic implementation with climate coordination.It recommends that China,in the future,should promote substantive integration of its Energy Law and climate governance,establish legally binding emissions reduction pathways,and develop mechanisms for green investment,thereby contributing structural and institutional approaches to global climate governance.
作者
赵绘宇
ZHAO Huiyu(Koguan School of Law,Shanghai Jiao Tong University,Shanghai 200030,China)
出处
《中国石油大学学报(社会科学版)》
2025年第4期21-30,共10页
Journal of China University of Petroleum (Edition of Social Sciences)
关键词
能源战略
能源法
能源转型
气候政策
功能主义比较法
energy strategy
Energy Law
energy transition
climate policy
functionalist comparative approach
