摘要
为解决隧道爆破施工中电子雷管延时计算不准确的难题,针对不同炮孔类型,综合考虑岩石的叠加破碎效应和相邻振动波的叠加抵消减振效应,提出了电子雷管合理延时计算方法。通过开展IV级围岩隧道2 m进尺电子雷管不同延时条件下掏槽孔爆破减振试验,分析了不同延时条件下的爆破减振效果。采用量纲分析方法,建立了不同延时条件下的电子雷管爆破振速预测模型。研究结果表明:当掏槽孔延时为2 ms和3 ms时,由于设置的实际延时远小于计算延时4.69 ms,导致掏槽孔爆破引起的振速近似于数个炮孔同时起爆,爆破峰值振速较大,减振效果较差;当掏槽孔延时为5 ms时,其值略大于4.69 ms,通过相邻炮孔的协同作用,既产生了岩石叠加破碎效应,又形成了振动波抵消机制,峰值振速较小,减振效果较好。基于线性回归分析拟合方法,建立了不同延时条件下电子雷管爆破振速预测公式。该方法在实际工程中应用效果良好,可为类似工程提供指导和借鉴。
In order to solve the problem of inaccurate delay calculation of electronic detonators in tunnel blasting construction,according to dfferent types of blast holes,a reasonable delay calculation method was proposed by considering the superposition crushing effect of rocks and the offset damping effect of the adjacent vibration waves.Under different delay conditions,the blasting vibration damping test of cutting hole with 2 m footage electronic detonator in class IV surrounding rock tunnel was conducted to analyze the blasting vibration damping effect.The prediction model of blasting vibration velocity of electronic detonators was established by dimensional analysis method.The results show that when the delay time of cutting hole is 2 ms and 3 ms,the vibration velocity caused by cutting hole blasting is similar to that several holes blasting at the same time because the actual delay time is much less than the calculated delay time of 4.69 ms,the blasting peak vibration velocity is large,and the vibration damping effect is poorer;When the delay time is 5 ms,its value is slightly greater than 4.69 ms.Through the synergistic effect of adjacent holes,not only the rock superposition crushing effect is produced,but also the vibration wave offset mechanism is formed.The peak vibration velocity is smaller,and the vibration damping effect is better.Based on the linear regression analysis fitting method,the prediction formula of blasting vibration velocity of electronic detonators was established under different delay conditions.This method has good application effect in practical engineering,and can provide guidance and reference for similar projects.
作者
张烈洲
ZHANG Liezhou(China Railway 18th Bureau Group 4th Engineering Co.,Ltd.,Tianjin 300350,China)
出处
《市政技术》
2025年第8期94-101,110,共9页
Journal of Municipal Technology
基金
中铁十八局集团有限公司科研课题(G20-27)。
关键词
隧道爆破
电子雷管
延时设置
减振技术
振速预测
tunnel blasting
electronic detonator
delay setting
vibration damping technology
velocity prediction
