摘要
目的:总结我国优秀自由式滑雪空中技巧运动员孔凡钰在备战2022年北京冬奥会期间,膝关节微骨折软骨再生术后的体能康复训练经验。方法:采用文献资料调研、专家访谈、测试等研究方法,对运动员实施12周具有针对性和实效性的体能康复训练。依据运动员的损伤情况、客观评估结果和竞赛需求,使用主观感觉量表、无创性肌肉状态诊断技术、等速肌力测试等非介入式评估手段对康复训练效果进行综合评估和监控。根据阶段性评估结果,制定康复训练目标和方案。结果:经过12周系统性术后体能康复干预,运动员膝关节损伤相关不适症状基本消除,双侧下肢肌肉质量对称性达99.9%,膝关节活动度对称性提升至99.8%,膝关节屈/伸力矩双侧对称性均超过96.0%,大腿肌群肌肉状态对称性达89.0%以上,单足三级跳远双侧对称性达到96.0%。结论:实施损伤区域外周负荷刺激策略并辅以损伤部位渐进性负荷递增方案,可有效提升再生软骨组织修复速率。采用无创性生物力学监测技术可精确量化康复进程中的膝关节功能改善程度,为训练参数的动态优化提供客观数据支撑。当徒手肌力评估达3级肌力水平时,可启动闭链运动模式下的基础跑台训练方案(速度阈值≤8 km/h);在等速肌力评估中,当腘绳肌与股四头肌峰力矩比值达到85%±5%时[角速度60(°)/s],可以实施低冲击跳跃训练;等速测试中患侧腘绳肌与股四头肌峰力矩恢复至受伤前水平95.0%以上,双侧腘绳肌与股四头肌峰力矩比值稳定在60%~70%,单足三级跳远双侧对称性指数≥95.0%,且腿部肌肉状态双侧对称性>90.0%时,运动员具备重返专项竞技的条件。
Objective:To summarize the physical rehabilitation training experience of Kong Fan Yu,an elite Chinese freestyle skiing aerialist,following microfracture cartilage regeneration surgery on her knee joint during preparation for the Beijing 2022 Olympic Winter Games.Methods:A combination of literature review,expert interviews,and testing was employed to implement a targeted and effective 12-week physical rehabilitation program.Based on the athlete’s injury status,objective assessment results,and competitive requirements,non-invasive evaluation methods such as subjective feeling scales,non-invasive muscle state diagnostic technology,and isokinetic muscle strength testing were utilized to comprehensively evaluate and monitor the rehabilitation training outcomes.Rehabilitation goals and plans were formulated according to phased assessment results.Results:Following a systematic 12-week postoperative physical rehabilitation intervention,discomfort symptoms related to the knee joint injury were largely alleviated.The symmetry of lower limb muscle mass reached 99.9%,the symmetry of knee joint range of motion increased to 99.8%,bilateral knee flexion/extension torque symmetry exceeded 96.0%,thigh muscle group muscle state symmetry reached over 89.0%,and bilateral single-foot triple jump symmetry reached 96.0%.Conclusions:Implementing a peripheral load stimulation strategy for the injured area combined with a progressive load increase plan can effectively enhance the repair rate of regenerated cartilage tissue.Non-invasive biomechanical monitoring technology can precisely quantify functional improvements during rehabilitation,providing objective data support for dynamic optimization of training parameters.When manual muscle testing reaches grade 3 muscle strength,closed-chain movement mode treadmill training(speed≤8 km/h)can be initiated.Low-impact jump training conditions are met when the peak torque ratio of hamstring to quadriceps in isokinetic muscle strength assessment reaches 85%±5%[angular velocity 60(°)/s].Advanced standards require that in isokinetic testing,the peak torque of hamstring and quadriceps on the affected side recovers to more than 95.0%of pre-injury levels,the H/Q ratio stabilizes within the 60%—70%range bilaterally,the symmetry index of bilateral single-foot triple jumps is≥95.0%,and the symmetry of leg muscle states bilaterally exceeds 90.0%.At this point,the athlete is qualified to return to specialized competition.
作者
牛雪松
NIU Xuesong(Shenyang Sport University,Shenyang 110102,China)
出处
《中国体育科技》
北大核心
2025年第4期3-19,共17页
China Sport Science and Technology
基金
国家体育总局科技创新项目(24KJCX006)
辽宁省教育厅基本科研重点攻关项目(JYTZD2023130)。
