摘要
我国小农户施肥"过量"是备受关注的一个问题,小农户施肥是否真的"不理性"和"过量",粮食规模经营户施肥量和施肥行为是否与小农户有明显差异。本文通过理论与实证分析,测算并比较了普通户与规模户的化肥施用量差异,阐释了规模户和普通户化肥施用行为决策的异质性和合理性。与假设生产者利润最大化的化肥最优施用量相比,我国玉米普通种植户实际施肥偏离经济最优水平程度较大,即化肥施用偏离度较大**,而规模经营户实际施肥量偏离度较小。规模户玉米施肥每亩59.8公斤,偏离率为10.3%;普通户施肥每亩65.8公斤,偏离率为41.2%。研究认为,普通户化肥施用偏离经济最优水平是其追求家庭效用最大化的理性决策,学界认为普通户化肥施用"过量"和"不理性"是因为假设普通户以利润最大化为决策目标。规模户的化肥施用也在一定程度上偏离最优水平,是其在对土壤肥力认知信息不充分条件下规避风险的理性选择。
Excessive fertilization of small farmers in China is an issue that gets a lot of attention these years.Do small-sized farmers use fertilizer irrational and excessive?Is there a significant difference between large-sized farmers and small-sized farmers on fertilizer application?This paper calculates and compares the difference of fertilizer application between large-sized farmers and small-sized farmers through theoretical and empirical analysis,and explains the heterogeneity and rationality of their behaviors.The actual amount of fertilizer applied by small-sized corn farmers in China deviates greatly from the optimal which is based on profit maximization theory,that is to say,the degree of deviation of fertilizer application is larger,while the large-sized farmers deviate slightly.The average amount of fertilizer used by large-sized farmers reached 897 kg/hm^2 and the deviation rate is 10.3%.The average amount of fertilizer used by small-sized farmers reached 987 kg/hm^2 and the deviation rate is 41.2%.We think the overuse of fertilizer by small-sized farmers is because of family utility’s maximization.Some research indicates that small-sized farmers’excessive and irrational fertilizer applications are because of profit maximization assumption.Large-sized farmers also overuse fertilizer,but it is a rational choice to avoid risk under the condition of insufficient information about soil fertility.
作者
刘晓燕
章丹
徐志刚
LIU Xiaoyan;ZHANG Dan;XU Zhigang
出处
《农业技术经济》
CSSCI
北大核心
2020年第9期117-129,共13页
Journal of Agrotechnical Economics
基金
国家自然科学基金项目“人口变化和劳动成本上升背景下的农户适应性调整与中国粮食生产竞争力研究”(编号:71573133)
国家社会科学基金项目“健全对外开放下的国家粮食安全保障体系研究”(编号:20ZDA102)
江苏省高校优势学科建设工程资助项目(PAPD)
江苏省高校现代粮食流通与安全协同创新中心。
关键词
化肥施用
规模经营
偏离度
风险偏好
Fertilizer application
Scale management
Deviation rate
Risk preference
