摘要
在精密薄壁零件加工过程中,残余应力是影响零件加工精度的重要因素,如何消除残余应力成为研究人员不懈的研究方向。以深冷处理去应力为基础,去应力退火作为对照,以常用铝合金2A12、7A04以及沉淀硬化不锈钢05Cr15Ni5Cu4Nb为研究材料进行试验研究。通过制备试验样件,应用X射线衍射法分别测定残余应力值,得到如下结果:相比未处理状态,深冷处理的效果优于去应力退火效果;比较每种材料的多个试样可以发现,去应力退火对材料残余应力的影响不均衡,而深冷处理对每种材料样件的效果基本保持一致。试验后对去应力退火难以奏效的7A04材料的薄壁零件进行了深冷处理验证试验,结果显示,应力状态由拉应力转为压应力,其绝对值最高达到89%,有效解决了该零件的精度超差问题。
When the precise thin-walled parts were machined,residual stress imposed heavy impact on the machining accuracy,how to eliminate residual stress has become an important objective to researchers.Two kinds of stress removal methods,namely cryogenic treatment and stress relief annealing,were used to study the materials,which were aluminum alloy 2A12,7A04 and precipitation hardening stainless steel 05Cr15Ni5Cu4Nb.Firstly,test samples were made,and then the X-ray diffraction method was used to measure the stress values on various samples,comparative analysis was conducted and the final results showed that the effect of cryogenic treatment was better than that of stress relief annealing compared to the none treatment state.Compared the two samples of each materials,it can be found that the effect of stress relief annealing on the residual stress of the material was uneven.The effect of cryogenic treatment on each material sample was basically the same.Finally,verification test of cryogenic treatment was carried out on a thin-walled part of 7A04 material,there was no effect with stress relief annealing.The test results showed that the stress state changed from tensile stress to compressive stress,and the largest decreasement reached 89%,so the problem of the accuracy of the part was effectively solved.
作者
王磊
WANG Lei(Xi’an Electronic Engineering Research Institute,Xi’an 710100,China)
出处
《新技术新工艺》
2020年第1期40-44,共5页
New Technology & New Process
关键词
残余应力
去应力试验
深冷处理
退火
铝合金
沉淀硬化不锈钢
residual stress
elimination test
cryogenic treatment
stress relief annealing
aluminum alloy
precipitation hardening stainless steel
