摘要
气象因子是影响春小麦生长发育的主要因素,探究全球气候变暖对黄土高原半干旱区春小麦生长和产量的影响,为防灾减灾提供科学依据。利用1960-2016年甘肃省定西市气象观测资料和1986-2016年春小麦试验资料,研究气候变化对春小麦生长和产量的影响,分析春小麦各发育期的变化,探讨影响春小麦生长和产量变化的主要因素,为春小麦应对气候变化提供保障。结果表明:近57年春小麦生育期气温呈显著上升趋势,在1997年发生突变;1960-1997年之前春小麦生育期降水呈减少趋势,之后呈增加趋势,但整体上呈增加趋势;日照时数和≥0℃积温呈增加的趋势。春小麦生长日数年际波动较大,整体呈缩短趋势,春小麦播种到出苗期、抽穗期到开花期和乳熟期到成熟期生长天数减少导致了春小麦全生育期生长日数缩短。近31年春小麦产量呈增加趋势,不孕小穗数和成穗率呈减少趋势,穗粒数和千粒重呈增加趋势。降水是影响黄土高原半干旱区春小麦产量的主要因素。
Meteorological observation data from 1960 to 2016 and spring wheat test data from 1986 to 2016 at Dingxi city has been used to study the impact of climate change on the growth and yield for spring wheat in which to provide a guarantee for spring wheat to cope with climate change.It has been showed a significant upward trend on the temperature of the spring wheat in the past 57 years,and the mutation occurred in 1997;before 1997,the precipitation of spring wheat has showed a decreasing trend but an increasing trend after the year of 1997 and the overall trend;The sunshine hours and the accumulated temperature of≥0 ℃ showed an increasing trend.The research has also indicated that the growth days of spring wheat fluctuated greatly throughout the year,and its overall trend was shortened.The number of growing days of spring wheat during the whole growth period was decreasing,which was caused by the decrease of spring wheat sowing period,the heading period to the flowering stage and the maturity to maturity.These is an increasing trend on the yield of spring wheat and also on the number of spikelets and thousand weights,but a decreasing trend on the number of infertile spikelets and the rate of panicle formation in the past 31 years.The main factor that affecting the yield of spring wheat in the semi-arid region of the Loess Plateau is precipitation.
作者
齐月
王鹤龄
张凯
王润元
雷俊
QI Yue;WANG Heling;ZHANG Kai;WANG Runyuan;LEI Jun(Gansu Key Laboratory of Arid Climatic Change and Reducing Disaster/Key Laboratory of Arid Climatic Change and Disaster Reduction of CMA/ Institute of Arid Meteorology, China Meteorological Administration, Lanzhou 730020, China;Meteorological Bureau of Dingxi of Gansu Province, Dingxi 743000, China)
出处
《生态环境学报》
CSCD
北大核心
2019年第7期1313-1321,共9页
Ecology and Environmental Sciences
基金
甘肃省省青年科技基金计划项目(17JR5RA344)
国家自然科学基金面上项目(41775107
41505098
42175118)
甘肃省气象局气象科研项目(GSMAMs2018-13)
公益性行业(气象)科研重大专项(GYHY201506001-2)
关键词
气候变化
黄土高原
半干旱区
春小麦
生长
产量
climate change
Loess Plateau
semi-arid area
spring wheat
growth
yield
