摘要
大量研究发现了在执行功能上出现的双语优势现象,但也伴随了实验的可重复性问题。通过对无优势结果实验的重新评估,研究者在修正和更新传统范式后有效提高了双语优势结果的稳定性。此外,天花板效应、变量理解偏差和不够严谨的语言测验三个普遍因素导致了实验结果的不稳定。基于以上总结,本文立足于近年的新进展,提出了双语训练的本质认识、语言变量的控制、认知神经研究与优势可分离性等可能出现突破的下一步研究方向。
Previous studies have illustrated an observable but yet unstable tendency of bilingual advantage on executive functions. Considering the inconsistency of research results and the lack of experimental repro-ducibility ,several studies have conducted a series of modifications to enhance the stability of results, in cluding moderating classic paradigms, refining deeper categories and introducing the task-switching paradigm. After reviewing the latest development, a tentative conclusion can be made： The common causes for the predicament within the field are the ceiling effect and the little awareness of task difficulty, the inappro-priate attribution of bilingual advantage, and the imbalance language ability between two language groups. Based on the above analysis, this article also puts forward some promising topics for further research, such as the nature of the bilingual training, the control of linguistic variables, the neuroscience and the separability of enhanced executive functions in bilinguals.
作者
陈骞
王明怡
CHEN Qian, WANG Mingyi(Department of Psychology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 10008)
出处
《心理研究》
2018年第3期227-234,共8页
Psychological Research
基金
中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金(RW2015-24)
关键词
执行功能
双语优势
双语者
双语经验
executive functions
bilingual advantage
bilingualism
bilingual experience
