摘要
目的：了解基层学龄前儿童的视力现状，统计视力异常和不同类型屈光不正在不同年龄儿童中的分布情况。方法收集雷州城区30所幼儿园11941例（23882只眼）3～6岁儿童视力异常和屈光不正的筛查数据，进行回顾性分析。不同年龄儿童的视力异常情况和屈光状态的分布情况以例数和百分比的形式表示，不同年龄儿童的视力异常及屈光状态的分布情况采用χ2检验的方法进行比较。结果3～4岁儿童中共有视力异常者320例（640只眼），异常率为7．53％；5岁儿童中共有视力异常者449例（898只眼），异常率为9．76％；6岁儿童中共有视力异常者273例（546只眼），异常率为8．12％，不同年龄儿童的视力异常率比较，差异有统计学意义（χ2＝13．73，P＜0．05）。3～4岁儿童中共有单纯远视眼55例（110只眼），占17．19％；5岁儿童中共有单纯远视眼78例（156只眼），占17．37％；6岁儿童中共有单纯远视眼35例（70只眼），占12．82％。3～4岁儿童中共有单纯远视散光眼77例（154只眼），占24．06％；5岁儿童中共有单纯远视散光眼118例（236只眼），占26．28％；6岁儿童中共有单纯远视散光眼35例（70只眼），占23．08％。3～4岁儿童中共有复性远视散光眼140例（280只眼），占43．75％；5岁儿童中共有复性远视散光眼181例（362只眼），占40．31％；6岁儿童中共有复性远视散光眼121例（242只眼），占44．32％。3～4岁儿童中共有单纯近视眼4例（8只眼），占1．25％；5岁儿童中共有单纯近视眼6例（12只眼），占1．34％；6岁儿童中共有单纯近视眼3例（6只眼），占1．10％。3～4岁儿童中共有单纯近视散光眼7例（14只眼），占2．19％；5岁儿童中共有单纯近视散光眼7例（14只眼），占1．56％；6岁儿童中共有单纯近视散光眼5例（10只眼），占1．83％。3～4岁儿童中共有复性近视散光眼5例（10只眼），占1．56％；5岁儿童中共有复性近视散光眼10例（20只眼），占2．23％；6岁儿童中共有复性近视散光眼13例（26只眼），占4．76％。3～4岁儿童中共有混合散光眼32例（64只眼），占10．00％；5岁儿童中共有混合散光眼49例（98只眼），占10．91％；6岁儿童中共有混合散光眼33例（66只眼），占12．09％。不同年龄儿童屈光状态的分布情况比较，差异无统计学意义（χ2＝11．44，P＞0．05）。结论视力异常多见于4～5岁儿童。4～5岁是儿童视觉发育的关键期，是屈光检查和弱视治疗的关键期。
Objective To assess the vision status of preschoolers in the city of Leizhou, Guangdong.Methods Data from a vision screening performed on 11,941 preschool children （23,822 eyes） aged 3-6 years in 30 kindergartens and/or daycare centers in Leizhou were retrospectively analyzed. Refractive vision disorders in different age groups were subjected to χ2 and Bonferroni tests.Results There was a significant difference in the prevalence of refractive vision disorders between different age groups of preschool children （χ2=10.942,P=0.004）; the disorders were detected in 320 （7.53%） kids aged 3-4 years, in 449 （9.76%） kids aged 5 years and in 273 （8.12%） kids aged 6 years.Press the a=0.05 level, think of three different ages of children in different vision abnormalities, including 4 children ages 1-5 years old the most common vision disorders, up 10.13 percent.Vision disorders in all age groups and the distribution of the refractive state of the comparison by randomized block design of two-way ANOVA, according to a=0.05 level, visual anomalies between the three different age difference （ F=6.217, P=0.014）,and seven kinds of differences between the different refractive errors were statistically significant. Description of refractive errors in children,refractive error type distribution varies between 3 and 4 years old, and 5 to 6 years old 4-5 years old age.The major disorders were simple hyperopia, simple astigmatism and compound hyperopic astigmatism and the distributions of these disorder subtypes were not significantly different between age groups （χ2=11.4,P 〉0.05）.Rare type of myopia,accounting for 1.24%.In the 5-6 year-old children in the complex refractive type hyperopic astigmatism largest proportion, of 43.95%. Comparison of refractive errors in the difference between any two numbers in the three age groups,the number of samples were multiple pairwise comparisons between the Bonferroni test,three age differences in refractive error between any two numbers in the 4 to 5 and between the age of 5-6 years age group difference （ F=25.14,P=0.016） were statistically significant,and between 3 to 4 years old and 4-5 year age group,3 to 4 years and 5 to 6 no significant difference between the age groups,indicating Leizhou city ages 3 to 6 years old children in 11 941,the number of children with refractive error was no correlation between age,increases with age and is not reduced or increased.Conclusion Refractive vision disorders most commonly occur at the age of 4 and 5 years in preschool children in the city of Leizhou.This finding suggests that children aged 4-5 years deserve particular preventive and therapeutic attentions.
出处
《中华眼科医学杂志（电子版）》
2015年第2期22-25,共4页
Chinese Journal of Ophthalmologic Medicine(Electronic Edition)
