摘要
自闭症是一种严重的发育障碍,其患病率急剧上升,病因不明且持续终生,早发现早干预是治疗的关键。本文对针对自闭症儿童社交沟通、语言发展、重复刻板行为以及非典型动作发展等方面回顾性和前瞻性研究的发现进行了总结。这些研究显示,根据早期的社交沟通行为(如不愿意看人脸、对名字缺乏反应、无积极情感、缺乏共同注意等)便可识别出自闭症;语言发育迟缓可以作为自闭症筛查的一个临床指标;但早期的重复行为和非典型动作发展还不能区别自闭症儿童和发育迟缓儿童。未来研究需要结合事件相关电位、磁共振及眼动追踪等新的技术和方法来探究自闭症的早期症状。
Autism is a severe neurodevelopmental disorder which last thourghout a person＇ s lifetime. Its prevalencehas increased sharply and its cause is unknown. Early recognization and intervention is critical for efficient treatment. This paper mainly discussed the progress of early recognization of children with autism based on social communication, language development, repetitive behavior and atypical motor development. Evidence has suggested that early social communication behavior（e.g., reduced orienting to people＇ sface, lack of response to name, no positive affection, lack of common attention, etc.） can efficiently recognize early autism and language retardation can be used as a clinical indicator of autism screening. However, inconsistent evidence show that early repetitive behavior and atypical motor development could differentiate between autism and growth retardation. We need to combine new techniques such as event-related potentials, magnetic resonance imaging,eye-tracking and new methods to explore the early markers of autism in the future.
出处
《中国临床心理学杂志》
CSSCI
CSCD
北大核心
2014年第6期1023-1027,共5页
Chinese Journal of Clinical Psychology
基金
国家社科重大招标项目"自闭症儿童早期发现
干预
教育的跨学科研究"(12&ZD229)的阶段性成果
关键词
自闭症
早期发现
社交沟通障碍
早期行为表现
Autism
Early detection
Social communication disorders
The early behavior
