摘要
在我国水资源贫乏、供需矛盾日益尖锐的情况下,建立和发展具有中国特色的水权制度,已成为践行最严格水资源管理制度和解决日趋复杂水问题的切实需要。本文首先从我国水资源管理体制的改革发展历程和未来需求出发,探讨了最严格水资源管理制度与水权制度两者的内在联系,指出水权制度建设对落实最严格水资源管理制度的重要意义;接着,从行政管理视角提出了有关水权划分的两级分类体系,重点解析了使用权与"三条红线"之间的对应关系;最后,从水权制度建设的主体内容出发,构建了由"基于水资源开发利用控制红线的取水权初始分配"、"基于用水效率控制红线的用水权交易"和"基于水功能区限制纳污红线的排污权交易"三部分组成的水权理论框架。在取水权分配方面,以和谐论思想为指导,以水资源开发利用控制红线为硬性约束,提出由和谐分配原则确定、和谐状态指标选取、区域总和谐度计算、和谐目标优化模型、取水权和谐分配方案优选等构成的取水权初始分配工作流程。在用水权交易方面,以用水效率控制红线为硬性约束,运用优化决策理论,提出由用水计划制定、节水潜力分析、水量折算系数计算、可交易用水权计算、用水权交易方案优选等构成的用水权交易工作流程。在排污权交易方面,以水功能区限制纳污红线为硬性约束,提出由污染物入河量预测、控制断面水质预报、减排潜力分析、可交易排污权计算、排污权交易方案优选等构成的排污权交易工作流程。该理论框架的提出可为我国水权理论研究提供参考。
The establishment and development of water rights system with Chinese characteristic has been an urgent task in the process of practicing the most strict water resources management system （SWRMS） and solving the complicated water problems under the conditions of serious shortage of water resources and increasingly acute contradiction between water supply and demand in China. Firstly, the relations between the SWRMS and the water rights system were discussed by taking the development course of water resources management and future demand in China as the starting point, and the importance of water rights system construction to implement the SWRMS were also pointed out. Then, a two-level classification system on water rights division was put forward from the perspective of administrative management, and the corresponding relation between the use rights and three red lines of the SWRMS was analyzed concretely. Finally, a theoretical framework of water rights was constructed from the point of view of the construction of water rights system, and it was comprised of three components, initial allocation of water-taking fight based on the red line of water resources exploitation and utilization amount, water consumption right trading based on the red line of water use efficiency, and water pollutants emission right trading based on the limiting pollution load red line of water function area. In the process of water-taking fight allocation, the harmony theory and the red line of water resources exploitation and utilization amount were taken respectively as the guideline and hard constraint, and workflow of initial water-taking right allocation was put forward, which consisted of the determination of harmonious distribution principles, section of harmonious state index, calculation of regional general harmony, harmonious objectives optimization model and scheme optimization of water-taking right harmonious distribution. And in the process of water consumption right trading, workflow of which was proposed on the basis of the hard constraint of the red line of water use efficiency and the application of optimal decision theory. It included several aspects, such as the constitution of water plan, analysis of water saving potential, calculation of water conversion coefficient and tradable consumption right, scheme optimization of water consumption right. While in terms of water pollutants emission right trading, the limiting pollution load red line of water function area was taken as rigid constraint, and workflow of water consumption right trading was come up in several aspects, including the prediction of pollutant discharge into the river and the control section water quality, analysis of potential of water pollutant emission reduction, calculation of tradable water pollutants emission right, and scheme optimization of water pollutants emission right trading. Thus, the theoretical framework can provide preference for the research of water rights theory in China.
出处
《中国人口·资源与环境》
CSSCI
北大核心
2014年第12期132-137,共6页
China Population,Resources and Environment
基金
国家社科基金重大项目"基于人水和谐理念的最严格水资源管理制度体系研究"(编号:12&ZD215)
河南省高校科技创新团队支持计划"水资源合理配置与调控"(编号:13IRTSTHN030)
关键词
最严格水资源管理制度
三条红线
水权制度
理论框架
the most strict water resources management system
three red lines
water rights system
theoretical framework
