摘要
调查了我国24个民族、74个群体的免疫球蛋白同种异型Gm、Km分布。测定了9560例个体的Gm(1,2,3,5,21)因子和9611例个体的Km(1)因子。根据Gm单体型频率计算了遗传距离并绘制了系统树。结果支持作者早前提出的有关中华民族起源于古代两个不同群体的假说。这两个群体大致以北纬30度为界,分别居栖在黄河和长江流域。本文数据和其他主要人种的Gm分布资料相比较,作者认为在人类进化中,尼格鲁人种首先和高加索-蒙古人种分离;然后高加索人种和蒙古人种分离。不同人种间的差异,大于同一人种内不同群体间的差异。蒙古人种明显地被分为南、北两大类型,分别以具有高频率的Gm^(1;21)和Gm^(1,3;5)单体型作为种族的标记。与高加索人种关联的Gm^(3;5)单体型存在于中国西北地区的少数民族中,提示混有高加索人种血缘。很可能来源于中亚地区的高加索人,通过“丝绸之路”进入中国。Km因子在所调查的74个群体中呈随机分布。
This paper reports the distribution of immunoglobulin Gm and Km allotypes in 74 Chinese geographic populations. These populations are derived from 24 nationalities comprising 96.6% of the total population of China. A total of 9,560 individuals were phenotyped for Gm (1,2,3,5,21) factors and 9,611 for Km(1). Phylogenetic trees were constructed on the basis of Gm haplotype frequencies and genetic distances. The results of clustering analysis show the heterogeneity of the Chinese nation, and confirm the hypothesis that the modern Chinese nation cri-ginated from two distinct populations- One population originating in the Yellow River Ya'ley, and the other originating, in the Yangtze River valley during the early part of neolithic times (to date 3,000-7,000).Frequencies of the Gm haplotype of 74 Chinese populations were compared with those from 33 populations from major racial groups. The results suggest that during human evolution, the Negroid group and Caucasoid-Mongoloid group diverged first, followed by a divergence between the Caucasoid and Mongoloid. Ihterrace divergences are high in comparison with intrarace divergences. There appear to be two distinct subgroups of Mongoloid, Northern and Southern Mongoloid. The Northern and Southern Mongoloid have Gm1;21 and Gm1,3;5 haplotypes as race associated markers, respectively.Furthermore, the Caucasian associated haplotype Gm3;5 was found in several of the minorities living in the northwest part of China. The amount of Caucasian admixture has been estimated. The presence of the Gm3;5 haplotype is attributed to the Caucasians living in Central Asia throughout the 'Silk Road.'In contrast to the Gm haplotype distribution, Km1 gene frequencies showed a random distribution in the populations studied.
基金
国家自然科学基金(3860939号)
关键词
免疫球蛋白
同种异型
中华民族
Immunoglobulin allotypes, Population genetics, The origion of the Chinese Nation
