摘要
本文利用三维数值模式,对云和气溶胶的气候效应进行了数值模拟,着重分析了云和气溶胶对土壤和大气温度以及地面气压的影响。结果表明,无论是云滴气溶胶还是其它气溶胶,都不会改变夏季气候的基本特征,它们只对气候特征进行某些细微的修正。但是,对于地表和土壤温度以及大气温度和地面气压都有显著影响。一般说来,云和气溶胶使地表和土壤温度降低,使包含它们的气层温度升高,而使其上和其下气层的温度降低。边界层气溶胶使边界层温度升高,地面气压降低。由于云和气溶胶光学厚度和光学特性的水平不均匀性,在普遍出现地表和土壤温度以及地面气压下降的同时,有些地方却可以上升。因此,云和气溶胶的气候效应是复杂的。不仅取决于云和气溶胶本身的光学厚度和光学特性,还取决于环流背景。云和气溶胶引起的地表和土壤温度的变化值,一般可以达到1—5K的量值。
A three-dimensional numerical model is used for simulating cloudand aerosol effects on climate, with stress laid on analyzing the cloudand aerosol effects on surface, soil and air temperatures and the relatedsurface pressure. Results show that neither cloud aerosols nor other kindsof aerosols change the basic characteristics of summer climate and onlyslight modification is observed. It is found, however, that they havesignificant influences on the surface, soil and air temperatures and therelated surface pressure. In general, clouds and aerosols decrease surfaceand soil temperatures and increase the temperature in the layer containingaerosols but decrease the temperature in the layers above and below.Aerosols in the boundary layer cause the increase of the temperature inthe layer and the decrease of the surface pressure. Cloud and aerosoleffects on climate are complicated, depending not only on the physicalproperties of the underlying surface and the optical thickness of aero-sols but also on the circulation background. The values of surface andsoil temperature changes can reach a general order of 1-5K.
出处
《南京气象学院学报》
CSCD
1991年第3期277-286,共10页
Journal of Nanjing Institute of Meteorology
基金
自然科学基金
关键词
云
气溶胶
温度
the atmospheric circulation
cloud and aerosol effects on climate
numerical simulation of climate
