摘要
当个体做决策时会系统性地偏好那些与选择、态度和信念保持一致的信息而非不一致性信息,这种决策行为叫做选择性信息呈现。该行为会严重降低决策质量,阻碍对初始决策的审视。决策者对于一致性信息的系统偏好是基于多重心理过程或机制,比如降低认知失调、增加决策准确性、提升印象管理和获得连贯性认知表征等。研究系统地梳理了选择性信息呈现的研究现状和范式,重点阐述了四大理论视角,剖析了该行为的理论整合模型,并提出了选择性信息呈现的多重理论分析框架。未来研究需要澄清验证偏差的自动化与控制化加工过程,以及需要强化理论整合模型中的情境因素和动机的交互性研究。
When people make decisions, they systematically prefer information that is consistent with their choices, attitude, belief and value over those inconsistent information. This decision behavior is known as selective exposure to confirmatory information, and it has severely decreased decision quality and hindered the revision of incorrect initial judgment. The significant preference of confirmatory information has been explained by multiple theoretical approach for instance cognitive dissonance theory, accuracy motivation, impression motivation and cognitive coherence accounts. In this paper, we review some recent findings on selective exposure and research paradigm, elaborate the four theoretical perspective and their integrated models, and as well propose a multiple theoretical integration framework about selective exposure research. Future research should pay much more attention on controlled and automatic processes underlying confirmation bias, and should improve research about contextual effects and mixed motivation in the theoretical integration models.
出处
《心理科学进展》
CSSCI
CSCD
北大核心
2013年第11期2036-2046,共11页
Advances in Psychological Science
