摘要
目的探讨和研究珠海市甲乙类传染病的流行规律,为制定传染病预防控制措施提供科学依据。方法采用分层整群抽样方法,在珠海市的各行政区抽取4个区(镇),在"疾病监测信息报告管理系统"中获取各区(镇)的甲乙类传染病发病的资料,采用描述性统计方法分析各种传染病的发生频率,采用χ2检验分析每年不同传播途径传染病构成的差异和某种传染病的性别、职业等的构成的差异,采用方差分析方法分析传染病发病年龄的差异。结果 2005-2012年间,共报告法定甲、乙类传染病20种,共计5 930例,死亡20例,年均发病率为193.90/10万,年均死亡率为0.65/10万,病死率为0.34%。肠道传染病、呼吸道传染病、虫媒及自然疫源性传染病、血液及性传播传染病、新生儿破伤风的发病率分别为26.27/10万、82.03/10万、0.95/10万、84.06/10万和0.65/10万,近两年肠道传染病和呼吸道传染病报告发病率呈下降趋势,血液及性传播传染病则逐年上升。肺结核的年均发病率为74.28/10万,涂阳发病率为30.81/10万,发病年龄为(35.94±16.69)岁,发病年龄逐年升高(F=13.856,P=0.000)。梅毒的发病率为15.90/10万,呈逐年上升,且在家务及待业、离退人员、学生等职业人群发病增多(χ2=44.656,P=0.001)。乙肝年均发病率为44.06/10万,发病率逐年上升。结论珠海市近两年肠道传染病和呼吸道传染病报告发病率呈下降趋势,但血液及性传播传染病则有上升趋势,说明珠海市传染病的防治应加强防控艾滋病、梅毒、乙肝等血液及性传播传染病。
Objective To understand the epidemiological features of class A and B infectious diseases, in Zhu- hai, and to provide a scientific basis for diseases prevention and control. Methods A stratified cluster sam- pling method was used to collect 4 towns in each administrative district in Zhuhai and data of class A and B in- fectious diseases in each town were obtained from ＂ Disease Surveillance Information Reporting Management System＂ . A descriptive statistical method, Chi-square test and X2 test were used for data statistical analysis. Results From 2005 to 2012, a total of 20 class A and B infectious diseases had been reported with 5930 ca- ses and 20 deaths. The annual average incidence was 193.90 per 100, 000 population, with the annual average mortality rate of 0.65/100, 000. The incidences of intestinal infectious diseases, respiratory diseases, vector- borne and natural foci of infectious diseases, blood and sexually transmitted diseases and neonatal tetanus were 26.27, 82.03, 0.95, 40.00 and 0.65 per 100, 000 population. In the latest two years, the incidences of in- testinal infectious diseases and respiratory diseases declined, while those of blood and sexually transmitted dis- eases increased. The annual average incidence of tuberculosis was 74.28/100, 000 and the age of patients was 35.94 ±16.69 years and was up each year （F=13. 856, P=0. 000）. The average incidence of syphilis was 15.90/100, 000, which showed an annual up-ward trend, and majority of patients were housekeepers, un- employed or retired or students （X2 =44. 656, P=0. 001） . The average annual incidence of hepatitis B was 44.06/100, 000, and it gradually went up. Conclusions The incidences of intestinal infectious diseases and respiratory diseases reported in the latest 2 years in Zhuhai decrease, but the incidence rates of blood and sexu- ally transmitted diseases increase, indicating that the infectious diseases prevention should be focused on AIDS, syphilis, blood and sexually transmitted diseases.
出处
《中国预防医学杂志》
CAS
2013年第10期779-783,共5页
Chinese Preventive Medicine
关键词
传染病
发病率
流行趋势
Infectious disease
Incidence
Epidemiology
