摘要
菜田氮、磷污染治理的最佳途径是提高化肥利用率。本研究开展了四季豆(Phaseolus vulgaris)-瓢瓜(Lagenaria sicerariae)-早稻轮作中不同氮、磷肥用量的3年定位田间试验。结果表明,经济施肥量为四季豆N 155kg/hm2和P2O579 kg/hm2、瓢瓜N 247 kg/hm2和P2O5130 kg/hm2,早稻不施肥。取得最佳经济效益的施肥处理,净增收比其他氮、磷水平提高1.6%～46.8%,氮肥利用率从四季豆和瓢瓜连作的45.1%提高到四季豆-瓢瓜-早稻轮作的65.6%,磷肥利用率则从17.9%提高到26.5%。四季豆-瓢瓜-早稻轮作的土壤硝态氮和有效磷含量分别为四季豆和瓢瓜连作的27.5%和87.0%,为基础土壤硝态氮和有效磷含量的63.7%和93.9%。养分吸收特性分析表明,四季豆的氮、磷最大吸收速率分别是早稻的25.1倍和2.5倍,瓢瓜则分别是早稻的18.4倍和1.2倍;四季豆的氮、磷最大吸收量分别是早稻的1.7倍和2.2倍,瓢瓜则分别是早稻的2.5倍和1.9倍。因此,菜-稻轮作体系利用了蔬菜和水稻在氮、磷吸收强度上的差异,较蔬菜连作促进了氮、磷高效利用,从而削减菜田过高的氮、磷富集,降低了土壤氮、磷流失潜力。
Increasing chemical fertilizer recovery is the best method of controlling N and P non-point pollution in vegetable fields.A 3-year orientation field experiment was carried out in kidney bean（Phaseolus vulgaris）-gourd ladle melon（Lagenaria sicerariae）-early rice rotating system in Pinghe County.The results show that the economic application rates of N and P for kidney bean are N 155 kg/ha and P2O5 79 kg/ha,and N 247 kg/ha and P2O5 130 kg/ha for gourd ladle melon,but no fertilization for early rice in the rotating system.Under the optimum benefit treatment,the net income is increased by 1.6%-46.8% compared with other application rates of N or P.In the treatment,the N fertilizer recovery is increased from 45.1% in the kidney bean-gourd ladle melon continuous cropping to 65.6% in the kidney bean-gourd ladle melon-paddy rice rotation,and the P fertilizer recovery is increased from 17.9% to 26.5%.The soil nitrate N and available P contents in the kidney bean-gourd ladle melon-early rice rotation are about 27.5% and 87.0% of those in the kidney bean-gourd ladle melon continuous cropping when the gourd ladle melon and paddy rice are harvested respectively,and are about 63.7% and 93.9% of those in base soils.Under the balanced fertilization,the nutritive peculiarity analysis shows that maximum uptake rates of N and P of kidney bean are 25.1 and 2.5 times of those of early rice,and are 18.4 and 1.2 times of those of gourd ladle melon respectively.The maximum uptake amounts of N and P of kidney bean are 1.7 and 2.2 times of those of early rice,and are 2.5 and 1.9 times of those of gourd ladle melon.The N and P uptakes are different in vegetable and rice,compared with vegetable continuous cropping system,the recoveries of N and P are enhanced in the vegetable-paddy rice rotating system,and the exorbitant enrichments and runoff amounts of N and P are reduced.
出处
《植物营养与肥料学报》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2013年第1期117-126,共10页
Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizers
基金
国际植物营养研究所(IPNI
Fujian-10)
福建省自然科学基金(2011J01112)资助
关键词
蔬菜
早稻
轮作
氮磷
利用率
富集
vegetable
early rice
rotation
N and P
recovery
enrichment
