摘要
铁搭是具有2-4个铁齿的耕地专用农具,是一种为江南水田的深耕起到决定性作用的代耕用具。本文论证铁搭在唐朝时期由韩半岛的济州岛传播到中国的过程。明清时代的铁搭可与江东犁媲美,它对于引领江南农业经济发展所起的实质性作用是功不可没的。而韩半岛南部则早在一世纪起就已出现铁搭,因为和汉魏王朝的交易活跃的原因,铁搭虽然有很早传来的可能性,但根据在北宋时期扬州的铁搭形态上猜测,比起三韩时代,三国时代(韩)即中国唐代之前传来的可能性更高。
Pitchfork, firstly appeari ng in Wangzhen Agriculture Books, was distributed around the southern region of the Korean peninsula since the 2nd century BC and from there went over to China before the Tang dynasty. This is far different in production technique from the pitchfork of China after the Yuan dynasty, and the production technique and the shape of the pitchfork of the Korean peninsula in those days are still continuing up to this time. There are multiple factors in the widespread distribution of pitchfork in Jiangnan re- gion. Before anything else, the change in social circumstances of the Ming and Qing dynasties decreased the household landholding area and increased the production of commercial crops and the chances for employed labor. It therefore provided for the conditions to supplement the loss from the failure to use cattle ploughing and to compensate the labor productivity of hoes with the mutually-aided farming. The paddy fields＇ strong clay soil also made it unsuitable to introduce the ploughs from Jiangdong. In the farming in Jiangnan of the Ming and Qing dynasties, as a result, the pitchfork came to establish itself as a main farming tool for the deep ploughing and heavy fertilizer.
出处
《中国农史》
CSSCI
北大核心
2012年第3期106-121,共16页
Agricultural History of China
关键词
耙
水田农业
江南地区
儋罗
铁搭
王祯农书
江东犁
rake
paddy farming
Jiangnan area
Tamla
Chinese rake
Wangzhen Agriculture Books
Jiangdong Plow
