摘要
本文报告在中国 4城市 8所小学中 ,对小学 7～ 12岁儿童的家庭室内环境、家庭成员健康状况进行问卷调查 ,4年中累计调查 790 0人。并在校内进行了 2年空气质量监测。从监测的PM2 .5、PM10 、TSP、SO2 、NOx 结果看 :兰州两校的污染最重 ,广州、武汉、重庆城区小学污染中等、这 3个城市的郊区小学污染相对轻些 ,但这 8所小学的的室外环境均未达到国家二级空气质量标准。儿童呼吸系统疾病 (感冒时咳嗽、咳痰、气喘、哮喘和支气管炎 )的患病率与空气污染呈显著正相关 ,已产生轻度至高度有害的影响。污染因子中以PM2 .5、PM10 影响最大 ,而SO2 、NOx 的影响相对较轻。室内空气污染包括燃煤做饭取暖、成人吸烟和烟雾程度。分析表明这些室内空气污染与儿童呼吸系统患病率呈显著正相关关系 ,同样有不利的影响。
In four years, 7900 children aged 7～12 of 8 primary schools in the 4 Chinese cites were investigated including indoor circumstance, family health status. Also, outdoor air pollution was monitored for 2 years in the schools. Through the data of PM 2.5 , PM 10 ,TSP,SO 2 and NO x, it showed that air pollution in the 2 schools in Lanzhou was the heaviest, urban sites in the Guangzhou, Wuhan and Chongqing were moderate, suburban sites in the 3 cities were relatively slight. All of the 8 schools did not meet the second air quality standards of China. Prevalence of children's respiratory illness (cough when cold, phlegm, wheeze, asthma and bronchitis)has positive relation with air pollution significantly and has been negatively affected from slight to heavy degree. Among the polluted factors, PM 2.5 and PM 10 have the greatest impact, while SO 2, NO x have relatively sight impact. Indoor air pollution includes the usage of coal for heating and cooking, passive smoking by adults and indoor smoke degree, which havs positive relation with children's prevalence of respiratory illness. Indoor air pollution has also negative effect.
出处
《世界科技研究与发展》
CSCD
2000年第3期9-13,共5页
World Sci-Tech R&D
基金
中美科技合作项目资助课题
