摘要
为研究热带人工林巴西橡胶树(Hevea brasiliensis)生态系统不同林龄土壤养分的特征,对热带地区种植橡胶及其更新进行了生态效益评估,并研究了海南儋州地区幼林早期(2龄)、幼林晚期(7龄)、开割树(16龄)和老龄即将更新树(30龄)4种不同林龄的橡胶林土壤养分含量的分布特征,结果如下:(1)不同林龄橡胶林胶园的土壤有机质含量存在极显著差异,其大小排列顺序为:幼林晚期(7龄)>老龄即将更新树(30龄)>幼林早期(2龄)>开割树(16龄),各土壤层次的土壤有机质含量的空间垂直分布大体随着土层的深度而降低;(2)不同林龄橡胶林胶园的土壤全氮含量存在显著差异,其大小排列顺序为:幼林晚期(7龄)>幼林早期(2龄)>老龄即将更新树(30龄)>开割树(16龄),各土壤层次的土壤全氮含量的空间垂直分布大体随着土层的深度而降低,土壤全氮含量与有机质含量呈极显著正相关关系(R2≥0.654 3,P<0.001);(3)不同林龄胶林的土壤全磷含量差异达(极)显著水平,并且均极显著地低于对照样地(胡椒地),其大小排列顺序为:幼林早期(2龄)>开割树(16龄)>老龄即将更新树(30龄)>幼林晚期(7龄);(4)不同林龄胶林的土壤全钾含量差异达(极)显著水平,并且均极显著地低于对照样地(胡椒地),而且随着胶林林龄的增加,土壤的全钾含量依次减少,其大小排列顺序为:幼林早期(2龄)>幼林晚期(7龄)>开割树(16龄)>老龄即将更新树(30龄).本研究发现,随着热带土壤植胶的进行,土壤肥力和养分均呈现下降趋势,因此,为保证土壤肥力,必须增施肥料;本研究也可为热带土地利用与覆盖变化对全球碳循环的影响及橡胶林碳氮耦合等方面的研究提供基础数据,为我国热区的天然橡胶种植提供理论依据.
In order to elucidate the soil nutrient characteristics of tropical rubber plantation ecosystem and evaluate the ecological benefits of the plantation and replantation of rubber trees in tropical areas,the nutrient characteristics in rubber plantations at 4 different age stages（2 year prophase of young trees,7 year tapping young trees,16 year tapping trees and 30 year mature age trees） in Danzhou zone of western Hainan Island were analyzed.The results showed that：（1） There were highly significant difference of SOM（soil organic matter） content at different age stages rubber plantations,and the content of tapping young trees（7 year）mature age trees（30 year） prophase of young trees（2 year）tapping trees（16 year）;and with the increase of soil depth on the 4 different age stages rubber plantations,the SOM content decreased gradually;（2） There were significant difference in TN（total nitrogen） concentration at different age stages rubber plantations,and the concentration of tapping young trees（7 year）prophase of young trees（2 year）mature age trees（30 year） tapping trees（16 year）,and with the increase of soil depth on 4 different age stages rubber plantations,the TN concentration decreased gradually,there was a significant positive relationship between TN and SOM（R2≥0.6543,P0.001）;（3） There were highly significant difference in TP（total phosphorus） concentration at different age stages rubber plantations,and all of which were extremely lower than that of the contrastive plots（Piper nigrum）,and the prophase concentration of young trees（2 year）tapping trees（16 year）mature age trees（30 year）tapping young trees（7 year）;（4） There were highly significant difference in TK（total kalium） concentration at different age stages rubber plantations,and all of which were extremely lower than that of the contrastive plots（Piper nigrum）,and with the increase of the ages of rubber plantations,the TK concentration decreased gradually,the TK concentration of the prophase of young trees（2 years）tapping young trees（7 years）tapping trees（16 years）mature age trees（30 years）.These data suggested that with the planting rubber trees in tropical areas,there was a downward trend of the soil fertility and nutrients,and it is necessary to increase fertilizers to maintain land productivity.These data set the important basis for the study of tropical land utilization /cover change affecting the global carbon cycle and the carbon-nitrogen coupling of rubber plantation growth,and which will offer theoretical bases for the rubber plantations in Chinese tropical areas.
出处
《海南大学学报（自然科学版）》
CAS
2011年第1期42-48,共7页
Natural Science Journal of Hainan University
基金
中央级科研院所基本科研业务费项目(XJSYWFZX2009-14)
海南省自然科学基金项目(807045)
关键词
土壤养分
不同林龄
橡胶林
有机质
全氮
全磷
全钾
soil nutrient content
different age stages of trees
rubber（Hevea brasiliensis） plantations
SOM（soil organic matter）
TN（total nitrogen）
TP（total phosphorus）
TK（total kalium）
