摘要
【目的】研究不同配方施肥对缺钾水稻土的生态效应。【方法】采取盆栽方式对长期缺施钾肥水稻土进行了三年半施肥试验。施肥处理为氮、磷、钾平衡施肥同时结合施用适量的与水稻营养密切相关的硅、钾、有机肥。【结果】平衡施用氮、磷、钾肥能使水稻健康生长,显著提高了养分利用率和水稻产量,水稻增产幅度达27.7%(NPK处理)至51.5%(NPKSi处理)。水稻健康生长又促使其根系分泌物量增大,泌氧增多,稻田土壤细菌数量、微生物活度、微生物量碳、微生物量磷及微生物量氮含量显著提高,其中MBC增幅达33.9%(NPK处理)至47.3%(NPKSi处理),从而强化了微生物生态系统的供肥能力,增强了稻田生态系统功能。而长期过量施用钾肥(NPhK)虽提高了土壤钾含量,但相对不施钾肥处理(NP)水稻增产不显著,土壤微生物非正常生长,稻田生态系统质量没有明显改善。各处理比较,NPKSi处理生态效应最佳,以下依次是NPKM、NPhKM和NPK。NPhK对稻田生态系统产生负效应。【结论】平衡施用氮、磷、钾肥是改善缺钾水稻土质量的有效措施,其中在平衡施用无机氮、磷、钾肥的基础上增施硅肥或有机肥效果尤为显著。
【Objective】 To study the ecological effects of different fertilizations on paddy soil with K-deficiency, a pot-experiment by cropping rice had been conducted for 3.5 years. 【Method】 The experiment was carried out with cropping rice in pot and treated with balanced application of N, P and K fertilizer adding befitting quantity of Si, K and organic manure which close related to rice growth. 【Result】 The rice growing healthily by balanced application of N, P and K fertilizer enhanced internal nutrient use efficiency and the rice yield, which increased up to an extent from 27.7% （NPK treatment） to 51.5% （NPKSi treatment）, and produced large amounts of secretion and oxygen from rice root, which increased the quantity of bacteria, the microbial activity, and the content of MBC, MBN, and MBP significantly, in which the content of MBC increased up to a range from 33.9% （NPK） to 47.3% （NPKSi）. So the capacity of delivery nutrient in microbial ecosystem was strengthened, and the function of paddy soil ecosystem was enhanced. However, although excessive application of potassium fertilizer （NPhK） for long time promoted the content of available potassium largely in paddy soil, its rice yield wasn not increased markedly compared to application no potassium fertilizer （NP）. As a result, microbe community grew unhealthy, and the improvement of quality of paddy soil ecosystem wasn not significant. Accordingly, the treatment of NPKSi had the best ecological effects among all the treatments, followed by NPKM, NPhKM, and NPK. NPhK produced a negative effect. 【Conclusion】 Balanced fertilization of N, P, and K fertilizer is the effective method to improve the quality of paddy soil with K-deficiency, and the treatments of adding Si fertilizer or organic manure based on balanced application of inorganic N, P and K fertilizer have a significant effect.
出处
《中国农业科学》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2010年第21期4418-4426,共9页
Scientia Agricultura Sinica
基金
国家"十一五"科技支撑计划项目(2006BAD05B01)
关键词
平衡施肥
缺钾水稻土
生态效应
balanced fertilization
paddy soil with deficiency potassium
ecological effects
