摘要
目的通过对铁路隧道大修施工作业环境中主要有害因素的调查,掌握在不同类型隧道内施工过程中主要职业危害因素及其危害的程度,为提出有效的改进和治理措施,制定合理的防护手段提供科学的依据。方法随机选择相应数量的短隧道、中隧道、长隧道的作业环境进行有害因素调查及其浓(强)度的监测,同时对隧道大修施工作业人员进行职业健康检查。结果①隧道内捣固车连续作业产生CO、CO2、NO、NO2浓度均未超过国家卫生标准;②隧道内碳烟颗料物浓度超过国家卫生标准;③隧道内、外作业环境苯并芘未检出;④隧道外,清筛、捣固作业时粉尘浓度超过国家卫生标准;⑤隧道内捣固作业时司机室、隧道外清筛作业时司机室噪声超过国家卫生标准,隧道外捣固作业、捣固车在区间行驶过程中司机室噪声符合国家卫生标准;⑥大机司机、桥隧工听力异常罹患率高于线路工,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论隧道内大修施工作业主要是捣固车连续捣固作业,其主要危害因素是噪声,对大机司机听力有影响。
[Objective]To grasp the major occupational hazard and its extent in the construction process of different types of tunnel through investigation on occupational hazards in operating environment of railway tunnel repair,and provide scientific evidence for putting forward effective improvement and management measures and developing rational prevention method.[Methods]The appropriate number of short tunnels,medium length tunnels,long tunnels were selected for occupational hazards investigation and extent surveillance,and the workers were occupationally examined.[Results]① The inside concentrations of CO,CO2,NO,NO2 produced by continuous operating of tamping machine did not exceed national health standards;②the soot particulate matter concentrations in the tunnel exceeded the national health standards;③benzopyrene was not found in operating environments inside and outside of tunnel;④the concentrations of dusts generated in ballast cleaning and tamping operation out of the tunnels exceeded national health standards;⑤during the operation of inside tamping machine and outside ballast cleaning,the noise in the driver＇s cab exceeded the national health standard. But during the outside tamping operations and the tamping car driving in the range,the noise in the driver＇s cab was lower than the national health standards;⑥The attack rates of suffering the hearing abnormalities among the large machine drivers and bridge and tunnel workers were higher than that of the line workers,the difference was significant （P0.05）.[Conclusion]The major repair construction inside the tunnel is continuous tamping operation by tamping machine,the generated major hazard is noise which has influence on hearing of large machine drivers.
出处
《职业与健康》
CAS
2010年第13期1441-1444,共4页
Occupation and Health
