摘要
采用常规与沿雪线调查方法,对大巴山东部具代表性的7个不同海拔梯度及6个不同生境类型,连续进行了11年调查和研究。结果表明：1）在所获得的8科28属51种9974只蚤类中,有25种隶属于古北界,占49.02%,21种属于东洋界,占41.18%,5种广布,占9.80%;经个体数量区系处理,古北和东洋两界蚤类区系数量（37.97%,50.30%）并不完全与物种区系相吻合,但东洋蚤类区系数量与古北物种区系相当;2）大巴山东部蚤类垂直分布的区系特点是,1500m以下东洋成分占绝对优势,1600~2300m古北成分达44.82%~56.41%,但个体区系数量却在33.47%~60.16%之间,物种区系成分与数量区系分布并不完全一致;一些东洋界特有指示性质的巴山盲鼠蚤和它的寄主猪尾鼠,仍可分布到这一地带;当海拔上升到2600m,古北成分已稳定达55.00%,此地带已不见东洋界特有指示性质的巴山盲鼠蚤和它的寄主猪尾鼠的踪迹,当海拔上升到2800~2980m,古北成分和个体数量分别已达65.00%和89.51%;3）在大巴山东部51种蚤类中,有24种在秦岭有分布,占秦岭已知34种的70.58%,两座山系古北成分也相当,分别为49.02%及52.94%。最后按区系、宿主动物、植被带谱和地理状况相近原则,对张金桐等（1989）对秦岭南坡的蚤类海拔高度划线1000~2000m进行修订,并上移至2600m左右地带,修订后的划线,其具体位置及走向大体与暗针叶林的下限保持一致。此线以上,无论蚤种或是数量都以古北界成分为主,低于此线,古北、东洋成分和一些特有指示性质的种类相互渗透。
With snow line （as snow falls in winter or melts in spring, place rat clamps up and down along border of snow line of the mountain to capture rodents and collect flea specimens outside their bodies） and routine investigation methods, selecting 7 different representative altitude gradients and 6 different habitat types, an 11 years＇ continuous study had been carried on in the eastern part of Daba Mountains in Hubei. The results showed that： 1） of the 51 species of 9 974 fleas collected belonging to 28 genera of 8 families, 25 species belong to the Palaearctic region （49.02%）, 21 belong to the Oriental region （41.18%） and 5 are wide-spread （9.80%）; evaluated with individual proportion, the difference between the Palaearctic region （37.97%） and the Oriental region （50.30%） is not as obvious as species composition; 2） the faunal characteristics of vertical distribution of fleas in the eastern part of Dabashan Mountain is that the Oriental species occupy absolute predominance under altitude 1 500 m; the Palaearctic species account for 44.82%-56.41% at altitude 1 600-2 300 m, while the individual proportion of the Palaearctic species is 33.47%-60.16% at the same altitude range; some special indicators in the Oriental region such as Typhlomyopsyllus bashanensis and its host Typhlomys cinereus can be seen in the Palaearctic region; when the altitude is elevated to 2 600 m, the Palaearctic species account for 55.00%, and T. bashanensis and its host T. cinereus can not be found any more; when the altitude was above 2 800-2 980 m, the Palaearctic species proportion and individual proportion are 65.00% and 89.51%, respectively; 3） of the 51 species of fleas in the eastern part of Daba Mountains, 24 species are also distributed in Qinling Mountains, accounting for 70.58% of 34 species known in Qinling; the Palaearctic species proportion in the two mountains was 49.02% and 52.94% respectively. According to principles of similarity in faunal elements, host animals, vegetation zone and geographical conditions, the altitude lineation （1 000-2 000 m） of fleas in the south slope of Qinling Mountains proposed by Zhang Jin-Tong et al. （1989） was revised and elevated to about 2 600 m. The position and direction of the revised altitude lineation is corresponding to lower border limit of subalpine coniferous forest. Above the line, the Palaearctic elements dominate in both species number and individual number; while below the line, there exists a mixture of the Oriental, the Palaearctic and some endemic elements. In the author＇s opinion, although the fauna of animal species is a key indicator in determining the characteristics of mountain fauna, the faunal proportion of species and individuals and the living extent of some animals with special indications are of greater significance in altitude lineation to comprehensively determine the property of animal fauna. Meanwhile, it can make people better understand the vertical distribution of the Palaearctic and the Oriental elements in mountains and make wiser judgment conforming to the reality.
出处
《昆虫学报》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2007年第8期813-825,共13页
Acta Entomologica Sinica
基金
国家自然科学基金项目(30070679)
湖北省自然科学基金项目(2004ABA138)
湖北省科技攻关计划项目(2002AA301C43)
湖北省卫生厅科研基金项目(NX200427)
关键词
蚤类
区系组成
垂直分布
古北界
东洋界
海拔高度划线
大巴山东部
Fleas
faunal composition
vertical distribution
Palaearctic region
Oriental region
altitude lineation
eastern part of Daba Mountains
