摘要
为制定热排放标准的需要，用动态实验和静态实验方法研究了热冲击与氨对鲢、鳙、草、鲤鱼的急性和亚急性效应。结果表明：选择温度与起始致死温度（ＴＬ（５０））值随着驯化温度的升高而增大，鳙鱼对热冲击的反应较敏感。氨对鲢、鳙、鲤鱼的急性毒性（９６ｈ）ＬＣ（５０）值分别为０．３８、０．３０、０．６６ｍｇＮＨ３／Ｌ（非离解氨）。水温升高５℃，鲤鱼的（９６ｈ）ＬＣ（５０）。值从０．６６ｍｇＮＨ３／Ｌ下降到０．４４ｍｇＮＨ３／Ｌ，热冲击明显提高了氨对鲤鱼的毒性。氨对鲤鱼的亚急性毒性结果表明，鳃、肝组织出现了病理改变。以上室内实验结果可作为评价监测热污染水质的科学依据。
According to the need of working out the standard of environmental thermal exhaustion, the acute effects of thermal shock and ammonia on silver carp(Hypophthal michthys molitrix), bighead carp (Aristichths nobilis), Grass carp(Ctenopharyngodon idellus) and common carp (cyprinus carpio) fingerlings were investigated by using dynamic test and static test methods.The results show that both preferred temperature and incipient lethal temperature(TL(50)) values increase as the acclimation temperature increases. The bighead carp are more sensitive to the changing temperature than silver carp, grass carp and common carp. The 96-hour LC(50) values for silver carp, bighead carp and common carp fingerlings were 0.38,0.30 and 0.66mg NH3/L(un-ionized ammonia), respectively. The 96-hour LC(50) value for commcn carp dropped obviously from 0.66mg NH3/L to 0.44mgNH3/L when the temperature of solution increased from 15℃ to 20℃.The thermal shock raised the toxicity of ammonia to common carp significantly.The subacute toxicity of ammonia on common carp was determined. The results showed that the ammonia caused the pathologic changes in gills and livers of carp. The results of laboratory experiments might be regared as scientific basis for bioassessent and biomonitorent water quality by thermal pollution.
出处
《中国环境科学》
EI
CAS
CSSCI
CSCD
北大核心
1994年第3期214-219,共6页
China Environmental Science
关键词
急性毒性
热冲击
氨
联合作用
鱼
Acute toxicity
Thermal shock
Ammonia
Joint effect
Fish.
