摘要
用Ｓｅｌｌｅｒｓ模式模拟了臭氧浓度变化对海平面纬带年平均温度的影响．模拟结果表明，臭氧对太阳短波辐射的吸收效应所引起的减温比其温室效应导致的增温要大，因此，臭氧浓度的增加会使海平面年平均温度降低，降低值约为０．５℃左右．浓度增大至一定值后，降温值反而随浓度增大而减小．无论是增温还是降温其数值均是极地大于热带．当极赤间温差减小时，经向风速和向极的总热量输送减小，但潜热输送增大，反之亦然．
The ozone can strongly absorb the ultraviolet rays and to some extent the visible lights of the solar shortwave radiation. Meanwhile, it has evident effects of absorption and emission in the 9.6μm band of the longwave radiation. Therefore, as an absorbing medium of the shortwave radiation, the increase of the ozone concentration will decrease the temperatures in the troposphere and at the ground surface. On the ortherhand,ozone results in the increase of the temperatures because the ozone is one of the greenhouse gases. The two effects of the ozone on the temperatures offset each other and whether the temperatures increase or decrease depends on the relative importances of the two effects.In this paper, the effects of the changes of the ozone concentration on the zonal annual mean temperatures at sea level are simulated by the energy balance model (EBM), originally developed by Sellers and modified here by the authors who introduce the effects of the ozone on the short and the long wave radiations. The simulated results show that the temperature decreases induced by the absorptive effect of the ozone on the shortwave radiationare lager than the temperature increases resulted from the green house effect of the ozone.Therefore, the increase of the ozone concentration would decrease the sea level temperatures and the values of the decreases are ranging in the order of 0.5℃, However, when the concentration of the ozone increases to a certain value, the decreases of the temperatures are reduced because of the saturated absorption of the shortwave radiation by the ozone.Whether the temperatures increase or decrease, their values at the poles are always larger than those at the equator. When the temperature differences between the poles and the equator increase, the meridional v-components and the poleward transportations of the total heat amount and the heat by the oceanic currents increase aswell. However, the poleward latent heat decreases. In which case the temperature differences between the poles and the equator decrease, and the opposite pictures would be obtained.It is concluded in this paper that the ozone should be considered not only as a green house gas but also an 'umbrella' gas. In a certain sense, the latter is more proper than the former.
出处
《南京大学学报（自然科学版）》
CSCD
1994年第3期534-540,共7页
Journal of Nanjing University（Natural Science）
基金
国家自然科学基金
关键词
臭氧
海平面
温度
数值模拟
Ozone, Sea-level temperature changes, Climate modelling
